反驳类
The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and___________
by_________, challenging what are stated in the reading passagethat _________, _________ and _______.
First of all, the speaker thinks that___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that_____________. So, the lecture totally disagree with the view made in the reading.
Second, the speaker discusses___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that_____________________.
Finally, the speakers raises the issue that___________. This point disagreesthat________________ demonstrated in the reading.
So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.
(Refute)
The lecture apparently refutes the points illustrated in the reading material. According to the professor, the contrary, the reading contends an opposite stand that_____.
The first point the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading isthat___________, which differs from the statement in the readingthat_____.
Another evidence the speaker adopts to contradict the passage is________. However, the reading statesthat_________.
In the conclusion, the point made in the lecture contrasts with what is presented in the reading. As the professor claims, ________whereas the reading material holds that________.
(Support)
The lecture apparently reinforces the points illustrated in the reading material. According to the professor, , the reading contends a similar stand that_____.
The first point the professor uses to enhance the reading is that___________, which is just the same as the statement in the reading that_____.
Another evidence the speaker adopts to bolster the passageis________. Likewise, the reading statesthat_________.
In the conclusion, the point made in the lecture gives a boost to what is presented in the reading. As the professor claims, ________which is in accordance with the reading material holds that________.
A or B
Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________.就理由进行解释 instance,____________________
Another reason can be seen by every one is that____________________________.就理由进行解释___________________For example,____________________
The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________
Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as________________.
In a word, , it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A.
托福作文模板推荐之二
A or B
将原题复述___________________________________________When faced with the decision of A of B, quite a few would deem that______________________, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence -A/-B, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
The main reason for my propensity fo _________is that___________________
The second reason can be seen by every person that________.
In addition, these reason are also usable when we consider that_________.
There are some disadvantages in____________________另一种观点的缺点__________.
In a word, _____________重复观点句并缩写理由 into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that___________.
托福口语想要达到高分,那么托福口语找到一个专业的外教进行练习还是很有必要的。分享一下我在用的app:口语侠,可以随时和世界各地的Native Speaker进行一对一的口语对练,里面有很多专业的托福外教可以选择。这个软件用起来就跟打微信语音/视频电话一样,质量很清晰。这个是最让我感到意外且性价比超级高的一个APP了。我长期练习的一个外教陪练是英国的Leila,她不仅口音纯正,而且人超级nice,她本人还是一个摄影师,我也经常跟她交流摄影方面的技巧。
下载注册口语侠app后,一定要输入我的推荐码:ZXN0GT,可以免费获得10分钟的练习时长。
不过大家在跟外国人练习托福口语的时候,我有2个建议:1是提前准备一个话题,带着话题去跟他们练习能让你学到很多地道的表达;2.是不一定非要选择欧美的老外,像有些南非、菲律宾的也很专业,练习口语也不错。
Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move a number of times throughouttheir lives, looking for a better job, house, community, or even climate. Which do you prefer:staying in one place or moving in search of another place? Use reasons and specific examples tosupport your opinion.
Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move many times throughout their lives in order to looking for a better job, house, community, or even climate. As far as I am concerned, he latter is more enjoyable than the former. The reasons for this view go as follows:
In the first place, some people have found a better job far away where they live currently. In this kind of situation, do you move for the better career or do you still live in the old place where you are already familiar with everything nearby. Absolutly, I will choose moving not only because it gives me a good career but also because moving is very exciting.
In the second place, moving is very exciting. Fining a new house, buying the new furniture, all of these are wonderful thing. For example, if I move, I want find a single house instead of the town house, which I live now, because a single house can possess more grass, which my son love very much. Moreover, I want choose a big kitchen that all my family can sit a big dinner table and have dinner togather.
In the third place, living in a place in all my live looks like too boring for me. Moving to different place, I can enjoy different community and different climate. For example, I can enjoy the mild tempareture in the sourth America, and also I do not miss the beautiful snow in the northern. From what I have discussed above, moving is exciting not only because it gives me a new job opportinuture but also because it can let me enjoy the beach of south and the snow in the north. Therefore, I prefer moving in search of another place instead of staying in one place.
Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think that daily homework isnecessary for students? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
_You must finish your assignment when coming back from school,_my mother always told mewhen I was a child. Therefore, I am used to doing my homework as my first thing at home.
According to my habits and fondness I am unanimous with this statement that teacher assignhomework everyday. Maybe others hate doing homework everyday because they take it as aburden which will reduce their time for playing games. Here!Let me tell you why I advocate it.The main reason is that teachers assigning homework everyday really helps me go over my lessonsI have had on class. Through my homework I can understand the knowledge by myself and getwhat the teacher said the most important things in order in my brain. I really liked playing andpostponed homework to the next day. Woo! That realize an old saying _Bite more than you canchew_ .
Another reason is that completing homework everday will help to raise habit that everyone needthink in his/her own way teacher teaches us is just their understanding trackand what we gain on class is just others' experience.
What I discussed above is just two points of many persuasive ones. To some extent,we may obeythe rule--_Always work and study makes Jack a dull boy_.
But if all these factors are contemplated the advantage of asigning homework everyday carrymore weight than those of the opposite I agree with is just personal you canremember this word._Going over what you've learned will give you more new knowledge._
Finally, the professorstates that,in support of the reading,.....Specifically,.....This perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicats because
support的单词：enhance, uphold, corrobo,to back, justify, to substantiate, to advance
Well begun is half done是大家耳熟能详的英语谚语。
也就是说，一个漂亮的开头，往往是文章写作成功的一半。
尤其在雅思和新托福写作考试中，好的开头往往能够在瞬间吸引考官眼球，留下良好的第一印象。
那么，我们怎样才能写漂亮的引言段呢?首先，我们要做到开门见山，明确写作话题和目的。
如何才能做到开门见山?
我们可以采用以下几种方式：
1. 采用统计数字引出话题，把问题呈现在读者面前;
2. 提出有争议性的问题，激发读者兴趣，使其积极参与讨论;
3. 以新颖的观点，吸引读者注意力;
4. 呈现该话题正反方的观点;
5. 引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头;
6. 对将要讨论的话题进行定义。
其次，要善于运用复合句，从而使引言段简洁明了，开宗明义。
下面我们将探讨雅思与新托福各种题材和体裁文章引言段的写作方法。
引用数据呈现讨论的话题，说明问题的严重性或者重要性，引起读者的关注。下面我们结合几道雅思和新托福作文话题进行实战演练。
我们在写关于体罚的话题文章时，可以这样开头：It is reported that a boy in Zhuhai was beaten to death by his father on Father“ Day. Ample evidence also shows that children who are frequently abused by their parents or teachers tend to be introverted, pessimistic, indifferent and even world-weary. Recently, there has arisen a fierce argument on whether corporal punishment should be abolished. Teachers, parents and experts take diverse attitudes towards this issue.
(据报道，在父亲节那天，珠海有个小男孩被老爸揍死了。充分的证据也显示，经常遭父母或老师虐待的小孩往往比较内向、悲观、冷漠甚至厌世。近来，关于是否应该废除体罚出现了一场激烈的争论，老师、家长和专家各执一词。)
而我们在写关于该不该禁烟的话题时，可以这样开头：A recent study conducted by Zhongshan University has found that the number of smokers has been increasing sharply over the past five years. Research findings also reveal that the incidence of smoking-related conditions has soared. As a result, the ban on smoking has been in the spotlight.
(中山大学最近做的一个研究表明，在过去五年里，吸烟者人数急剧上升。研究结果同时显示，吸烟导致的疾病发病率也急剧增长。因此，禁烟成了个热点话题。)
A or B
From my point of view, it is advisable to choose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for ____________________ is that ________________.
There is another factor that deserves some words a word, ________________________. While it is true that the argument, I disagree hold a little bit of water, I think_______________.
托福考试复习攻略：地道美式作文必备60词
aid=assist(帮助，援助)
alter=change or modify(改变)
ask=inquire(询问)
assail=denounce(谴责)
axe=dismiss\reduce(解雇，减少)
balk=impede(阻碍)
ban=prohibit or forbid(禁止)
bar=prevent(防止，阻止)
bare=expose or reveal(暴露，揭露)
blast=explode(爆炸)
begin=commence(开始)
bid=attempt(努力)
bilk=cheat(欺骗)
bolt=desert or abandon(放弃)
boost=increase(增加，提高)
check=examine(检查)
claim=ause the death of…(夺去……的生命)
clash=disagree strong1y(发生分歧，争议)
curb=control or restrict(控制)
dip=decIlne or decrease(下降)
ease=lessen(减轻，缓和)
end=terminate(结束，中止)
flay=criticize(批评)
flout=insult(侮辱)
foil=prevent from(阻止，防止)
grill = investigate(调查)
gut=destroy(摧毁)
head=direct(率领)
hold=arrest(逮捕)
laud=praise(赞扬)
lop=diminish(下降，减少)
map=work out(制订)
mark=celebrate(庆祝)
name=appoint\nominate(命名，提名)
moot=discuss(讨论)
mull=consider(考虑)
nab=arrest(逮捕)
nip=defeat(击败)
ease=lessen(减轻，缓和)
end=terminate(结束，中止)
flay=criticize(批评)
flout=insult(侮辱)
foil=prevent from(阻止，防止)
grill = investigate(调查)
gut=destroy(摧毁)
head=direct(率领)
hold=arrest(逮捕)
laud=praise(赞扬)
lop=diminish(下降，减少)
map=work out(制订)
mark=celebrate(庆祝)
name=appoint\nominate(命名，提名)
moot=discuss(讨论)
mull=consider(考虑)
nab=arrest(逮捕)
nip=defeat(击败)
slay=murder(谋杀)
soar=skyrocket(急剧上升)
spur=encourage(激励，鞭策)
swap=exchange(交流，交换)
sway=influence(影响)
trim=reduce(削减)
vie=compete(竞争)
vow=determine(决心，发誓)
weigh=consider(考虑)
托福写作模板:是否同意一辈子住在同一个地方
托福独立写作题目：
Topic 31 Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move a number of times throughout their lives， looking for a better job， house， community， or even climate. Which do you prefer： staying in one place or moving in search of another place? Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.
托福写作模板及参考答案：
托福写作参考范文：
Even though I have lived in the same house， in the same neighborhood， in the same city my entire life， I know I would be happy living in a variety of places. Moving would expose me to new people， new weather， and new housing.
Even if I were to move to another part of my city， I would encounter new people. Each neighborhood has a distinct personality. When I move to that neighborhood， I would meet the shopkeepers and residents that shape that personality. I may even adopt part of their manner as my own so I could be recognized as part of that community.
If I want to encounter different weather patterns， I would have to move beyond my city. Where I live now， it is the same temperature all year. I would like to go to a place where there are four seasons so I can experience really cold temperatures. I would like to walk in the snow and perhaps go skiing. I could learn winter sports if I lived in the north.
Now， of course， I live with my parents in their home. It is a one story house built around a courtyard where our family spends a lot of time. If I were to move， I would like to live in an apartment on a very high floor so I could see all around me. I could also meet my neighbors in the elevator and we could get together for coffee in my apartment.
The more I move the more I would experience change. I would meet new people in everyplace I lived; I could move to sample countries with four seasons or even a continent like Antarctica which only has two. Wherever I lived， I would experience living in housing particular to that area. I would then be a citizen of the world， wouldn't I? Could you call me a foreigner if I called everyplace my home?
托福写作模板:环境
托福独立写作题目：
Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福写作模板及参考答案：
托福写作参考范文：
People have been living on the Earth for thousands of years. Human activity influences the Earth. Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. In my opinion， the earth is being damaged by human activity. There are many statements supporting my opinion.
Human activity has damaged natural environment and almost exausted natural resources. Modern industry needs more and more resources， including minerals， fuels and water. So we confront of the serious problems such as the lack of fuels and water. Ecological balance is damaged because factories occupy many places where animals and plants live. More and more buildings are constructed and forests become less and less. If we cannot recognize these problems and solve them soon， we would finally lose the environment suitable for our living.
An other serious problem is “the green-house effect.” Human activity decreases forests and increases the usage of fuels so that the gas of carbon dioxide is output more and more and there are not enough plants to absorb it. The green-house effect is more obvious and more sensible these years. Due to the effect， icebergs in the south polar and north polar melt and the sea level becomes higher than before. I am worried about the cities nearby the sea and hope scientists find an effective method to eliminate the green-house effect.
Although we have advanced machines and our life seems more comfortable than before， we have less chances to approach natures and less spaces to act. The cities become bigger and if we want to have a picnic with our friends， we have to drive a long distance to find a natural place. In fact， the spaces of human activity are being damaged by the skyscrapers and factories.
From the above statements， we can conclude that human activity brings the Earth many damages. Fortunately people have recognized the point and I believe that the Earth will become a better place to live with our ceaseless efforts.
父母对孩子的管教
Some people think that parents should plan their children's leisure time carefully. Other people believe that children should decide for themselves how to spend their free time. Which idea do you agree with? Give reasons for your choise.
托福议论文写作试题分析：
一 条件: 父母对孩子的管教/孩子的空闲时间的安排/有人认为父母应为孩子指定使用空闲时间的详细计划/有人认为孩子应该自己安排空闲时间。
二 要求: 说明自己同意何种观点并说明理由。
三 写作分析: 本题为家常话题,尚无定论,可选任意一种观点表示同意,并说明理由.也可辩证地看问题,在分析的基础上提出自己不同的见解. 动笔前应先决定写法,若摆脱绝对肯定与否定的方式,写作时宜用归纳法,通过步步深入的分析,最后得出比较客观的结论.这种写法比较复杂, 难度较大,写作时思维一定要清晰,不然就会产生混乱.
Should parents plan their children's leisure time carefully? Or should they let their children decide for themselves how to spend their free time? before answering these two qusetions, we should first of all ask another question: do children know how to plan to spend their free time? The answer to this question is both “yes” and “no”. Our common sense tells us that some children spend their free time in a planned way while some others, especially the younger ones, just play as they like without any paln at all.
The above answer leads to three more relevant questions about those children who know how to plan their leisure time: How have they obtained the ability? Is the ability innate? Or is the ability learnt? Our observations tell us that this ability is not born but learned from others---their parents, teachers, other adults, or other children.
With these questions settled, the answer to the first two questions should be verry clear. Parents should not give their children a free hand at the beginning. INstead, they should plan their childrren's leisure time carefully, making sure that their children understand why they should have a plan. In this way, the children will gradually forma habit of making palns and know how to make a good plan.. Then, we can say these children know how to spend their leisure time.
When children alrady know how to spend their free time , they will not need any longer for the parents to paln for them. The most they can do is to keep an eye on their children's activities and give some guidance or advice when necessary. For most of the time, children should be allowed to decide for themselves. The whole process is in fact a process of training, in which instruction, demonstration and practice should be planned in a scientific way. Without plenty of practice, the whole process of learning would be a failure.
Some universities require students to take classes in many subjects. Other universities requirestudents to specialize in one subject. Which is better? Use specific reasons and examples tosupport your answer.
Some people say that computers have made life more complex and stressful, but I totally disagree.In my opinion, computers have really made our lives easier and more convenient in communicating, getting informed and doing research work, if you have known how to work with a computer.
The e-mail service and Internet based on computer make us communicating with others mucheasily and conveniently. In the past, we have to write letters or meet in person in order tocommunicate with others. The mails seem to take forever to arrive and meeting in person meansto put out a lot of efforts. Now, the e-mail lasts only a few seconds to send and to receive and wecan always meet new people even foreigners in chat room whenever we set up our computers. Itreally makes our socializing easier.
The news on the Internet is being broadcasted 24 hours everyday and tailored to your specific interests. You can always connect your telephone and modem with a computer to read them.Listening to radio or watching television can be informed with what are happening around youconveniently too, but just on the computer can you easily read the specific news in which you areinterested without having to buy newspapers. So, up to now, it is the most convenient way to readnews at home.
Besides, it is very convenient and much easy to do research work with a computer turning on.You can save your work on computers too easily more than just typing a few letters, no matterwhat your work is, even audio or video data. You can also type a few keys to print them outneatly. Also, you can search whatever materials you want without the trouble of looking for booksor magazines in libraries.
Some people think that computers have made life complex and stressful. They may not be veryfamiliar with computers or do not know how to work with a computer efficiently. It does notmatter. Only after a few weeks of training, they can probably easily enjoy the convenience ofcomputers in socializing, reading news and doing research job.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Attending a live performance (forexample, a play, concert, or sporting event) is more enjoyable than watching the same event ontelevision. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Do you like watching TV?Do you watch it regularly?If a living performance is available what, doyou think,will you choose,watching TV or attending the performance?But if I were you I willprefer the latter.
Watching TV is boring and sitting before the grey box will make you can not feel the atmosphere in the auditorium which makes the audiences feel refreshed and can appreciate all the programs through your own eyes not though the sqare glassscreen.
There are many other audiences as well as you sitting there and watching the performance whichmakes you feel you can communicate with others about what you have justseen or gives you an opportunity to express your you know you are notalone then.
Going to see the performance out of your house is also good to your you may have awalk after the activity even go to a good bar and find something to can also see somefriends after the I am not very sure about others I will commonly do such thingsafter a makes me feel great.
So,to take part in a living show is my favorite of watching TV I would like to havesome performance is better than the program in TV I think.
16. What's your opinion on a new restaurant built in your neighborhood?
It has recently been announced that a new restaurant may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
『分析』
社区内的餐馆越多，竞争就越激烈，那么价钱就会更公道;可能会出现卫生问题;也可能有客人酗酒闹事
(excessive drinking; get drunk and create a disturbance; make trouble after getting drunk.)。
参见：[5]。
『范文』
Until recently our neighborhood hasn't had any restaurants. We have a local food market and several small convenience stores, and even several street side food stands, but no real restaurants. I'm personally in favor of opening a new restaurant in our neighborhood, and believe it will make people's lives more convenient, support the local economy, and create a healthier community spirit. Cooking at home every night is time-consuming and tiring for local families. After a long day at work, local people have to spend at least one hour to shop for groceries, and even more for cooking dinner, and cleaning up after the meal. By the time all is finished, they almost have no time to enjoy the company of their families. Eating out would save time if there were a restaurant nearby, but the closest restaurant is a 30-minute walk away. If a restaurant opened in our neighborhood it would allow local people to relax for a night or two every week and enjoy more time with their families.
A new restaurant would also help the local economy. Building the restaurant would require the labor of local carpenters, plumbers, and electricians. The new restaurant would need to buy a great deal of food and produce from local markets and supplies like furniture, cooking utensils, and everyday items from local merchants. It would also create jobs for waiters, managers, and chefs. Perhaps most importantly, a new restaurant could also potentially attract business from the surrounding neighborhoods, bringing more investment into our community.
Finally, a new restaurant would give local people a public space to gather and talk in. Our community has few suitable open spaces for people to meet and have conversations. The streets and markets are too noisy, and the shops have no place to sit down. People who were once strangers could meet in this restaurant and become better acquainted with one another; new friendships could be forged while old friendships could be strengthened. The benefits of a restaurant to community life are harder to measure than are its economic benefits, but in my opinion are sorely needed in our community.
17. Learn by yourself or with a teacher?
Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay.
『分析』
不要急于选择哪一个观点。因为两个观点都有些片面。
有老师的好处：系统的指导;提供疑难解答;更快、更有效率
自学的必要性：自学能力应该是追求知识的过程中最重要的能力之一。
任何科目都应该指导和自学相结合。
不同的科目、不同的阶段有不同的选择。
『范文』
Whether we need a teacher or not depends on circumstances. The relationship between a teacher and a new subject is somewhat similar to that between a tour guide and an unknown city. When we come to an unknown city for the first time, we definitely need a tour guide. We might have a detailed map, but it is unlikely functional—it isn't surprised that we can hardly interpret those mysterious symbols. Likewise, when we are beginners, it is wise to learn with teachers. They can tell us where to begin with, what we should do, and which reference we should choose. When we confront difficulties, we can ask them for help, and their advices will always be tremendously helpful. With teachers' assistance, we might learn easier, faster, and more interestingly.
After a period of time, we have learned a lot. We now know the city pretty well, even though there are still many places we haven't been to. It doesn't matter. Now that we are able to recognize those mysterious symbols on the map, what we need perhaps is not a tour guide but a more detailed map.
Similarly, we need richer references for learning. Yes, there are still many fields unexplored; they are, nevertheless, no longer puzzling. The task is simple: we will explore them one by one, little by little. If we are working on a certain skill, practice more; if we are preparing a test, practice more; whatever we are learning, what is always to bear in mind is that, like people always say, practice makes perfect.
After another period of time, we might have become others' tour guide, but we still want to make out more.
We want to know which restaurant is the most decent, which bookstore is the most professional, which coffee shop is the most classical. Even the most comprehensive map doesn't have adequate information. We again need experts.
In learning, it's much the same. We need experts to consult for specific problems.
Furthermore, the most beneficial merit of consulting experts is that we can not merely refer to them but even discuss with them in depth. As is often the case, a solution for a complex matter is not waiting for us right there and then, sometimes it comes out of inspirations of discussion.
In short, having a good teacher is always better than having none, but the importance of a teacher varies from period to period, and more often than not depends on different stage in which we are learning.
18. What makes a good boss? What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important.
参见：[15]
『范文』
A good boss is imperative to a successful workplace. The best bosses are serious, creative, and flexible. If a boss lacks any of these qualities, problems are certain to arise in the workplace.
While humor and kindness are important characteristics for bosses to have, work is a serious business, and must be approached with a serious attitude. A boss must be able to keep his/her employees working hard and on schedule. He/She must set down rules, enforce them, and also personally adhere to them. If the boss comes in late to work, leaves early, or spends all day joking with the co-workers, then the employees will neither respect nor work hard for him/her. A boss must have a serious and professional attitude that sets an example for all of the employees in the workplace.
To confront the countless problems that arise every day in the workplace, a boss must be extremely creative. If a client needs the company to meet a deadline earlier than expected, a boss must find ways to motivate employees to work faster and harder. A boss who lacks creativity might force his/her employees to work overtime. In this case, the employees might be very tired and upset; they might work slower or produce lower quality work as a result. A creative boss might spend a small amount of money, and treat everyone to dinner at the office to encourage employees to stay late. In this way the company might meet the deadline, preserve quality, and keep employee morale high.
Finally, the most important quality that a good boss must possess is flexibility. While needing to set serious, strict rules, he/she must also recognize that at times the rules need to be bent or broken. For instance, a boss should strictly enforce attendance policies in the workplace. But if an employee with an excellent attendance record needs to take a day off for personal reasons, the boss should let him/her do it. In this way employees' loyalty to the company will be strengthened, and they will be more happy and productive in the workplace.
托福写作范文附思路解析
19. Highways or public transportation, which should be given preferential
financing?
Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways, or should governments spend more money on improving public transportation (buses, trains, subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.
『分析』
资金运用的基本原则a higher input-output ratio is desirable。参见：[11]分析。
政府也需要盈利
高速公路，是有盈利的。并且有利于促进经济繁荣，进一步增加税收。
公共交通，是政府开销。但是市政府的职责。
结合我国情况选择立场。比如：可以认为目前要大力发展高速公路，而其收入可以用来开发公共交通。
『范文』
As China continues along the road of economic development, new demands are being put on the transportation infrastructure of the country. This is particularly evident in the cities, where daily traffic jams are unavoidable facts of life. Faced with a mounting traffic crisis, I believe the government should focus on improving public transportation instead of improving roads and highways. Public transportation is cheaper, better for the environment, and a better long-term solution for meeting the transportation demands of the future. The traffic crisis in large cities is mainly due to the increase in the number of private cars on the road. If 30 people each drive their own private cars to work in the morning, polluting emissions from these 30 cars pollute the air. Having 30 extra cars on the road not only means more traffic, it also means that all cars on the road will run their engines longer to produce more pollution while they idle in traffic jams. On the contrary, if those same 30 people take the bus to work, there would be less traffic, and even less pollution.
More bus and subway lines would also save much space now wasted on parking lots, which makes sense from both environmental and city-planning perspectives. Investment in public transportation also makes sense for the customer. The most expensive public transportation in the city costs about 5 yuan. Two trips across the city every day for a whole year would still be less than a fifth of the cost of a new car, not to mention the inevitable expenditure of maintaining a good performance of the car. Taking into account the considerable upkeep expenses of a car, gas, insurance, and repairs, owning a car is much less economic and convenient than is taking the bus or the subway.
While some people would argue that investing money on highways is imperative for holistic benefits of our country, I personally believe the need for solving current traffic disasters that are prevalent in most such major cities as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou is more urgent. The problem has already become the biggest headache of local governments and their residents, and would cost even more if not handled promptly.
20. Big city or countryside, which is better for children to grow up in?
It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.
『分析』
Page 23 of 201
高分作文完美重排版Edited by Lost Lawyer
不要急于同意或者不同意这个观点。因为哪个回答都有些片面。地点并不是影响孩子成长的唯一因素，也
不是众多因素中最重要的因素。
生活在城市的优缺点
生活在乡村的优缺点
也可以用一系列“不一定”的事实来反驳题目中观点，比如：
在乡村长大的孩子不一定比在城市长大的孩子淳朴(honest; simple; simple sentiments);
在乡村长大的孩子不一定比在城市长大的孩子健康(healthy);
不同的阶段有不同的选择：
学龄前儿童，小学生在哪里都无所谓
初中、高中就可能在大城市更好一点
『范文』
Having grown up in the country myself, I can say without a doubt that I want my own children to grow up in the city. Life in the city is incomparably better for children than life in the country. The city has better schools, health care, jobs, and more exposure to the outside world. The two most important things in any child's life are health and education. In the country, if children get sick, there are no good hospitals to take them to. Families are often so poor that they can't afford to send all of their children to school, and the schools are usually of low quality anyway. In the cities, on the other hand, health care facilities and schools are of excellent quality.
Children from cities also have a much higher chance of getting into excellent universities. City universities have large numbers of spaces reserved for local residents while they have relatively fewer spaces for students from the countryside. If I want my child to have a good chance of getting into a good university, I would raise them in a city.
City salaries are significantly higher than salaries in the country. Jobs in the city are also much easier, on average, than jobs in the country. A worker in the country might spend 14 hours a day laboring outdoors in the fields and make much less money per month than the city worker who typically works only eight hours a day. I want my child to grow up and get a good, high-paying job. A better place to find those jobs is in a city.
Finally, I want my children to grow up into a world that is larger than just their immediate surroundings. In a city they will have a chance to meet people from all over the country and all over the world. They will have chances to absorb history and culture from the cities parks, theatres, and museums. Only in the city will they have the chance to be truly global citizens.
托福写作范文附思路解析
21. The causes of people's longevity today
In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.
『分析』
现象描述：20世纪初全球平均年龄(life expectancy)大约45岁。到20世纪末，这个数字已经增长到70岁左
人们越来越长寿的原因：
越来越好的饮食条件，饮食卫生，越来越科学的饮食模式
越来越发达的医疗技术、越来越完善的医疗保健系统
经济稳定、社会稳定。极端的例子：前苏联(the previous Soviet Union)解体(disintegration/breakup)
后，俄罗斯的平均年龄大幅度下降
『范文』
Among various factors that contribute to today's longevity of people are three most obvious ones: the improvement of food conditions, the development of modern medical technology, and finally current stability of economy in our country.
Food conditions are better than before and are still being developed with a rapid pace. First of all, foods are more hygienic. People today drink untainted mineral water, sterilized skim milk, which are cheaply supplied in supermarkets. Furthermore, foods are more nutrient. Not to mention various carefully designed nutrient products. People can just ignore the possibility of being dystrophic, since they can keep nutrient balance by simply taking a cheap pill of vitamin compound every day. Another essential improvement that contributes to people's longevity is swiftly developing medical technology. Development of modern medical technology has always been amazing. Certain diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, and dysentery are now easy to remedy with low expenses, but in the past, they are all probably lethal ones. The dental technology seems developed little except its exorbitantly charged bill, yet the simplest technology contributes to people's longevity most. It is not difficult to imagine that if an individual who lived in the past got a toothache, without certain dental care which is common today, he was certainly in an awful prospect: he might even die of a toothache!
Current societal and economic stabilization is also a very indispensable factor. People have less pressure in a more stable society, the less pressure they suffer, the healthier they are. Today's ideal stabilization even provides people an opportunity to secure their future—buy insurances. Various types of insurances are readily available, which make people feel safe, and have to a large extent reduced people' anxieties, and therefore indirectly contribute significantly to the longevity of people.
22. What makes a good co-worker?
We all work or will work in our jobs with many different kinds of people. In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a co-worker (someone you work closely with)? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important.
参见：[15]
『范文』
Healthy co-workers relations are crucial for the success of business. Since average workers spend at least 8 hours a day with their co-workers, their relationships with their co-workers are among the most important relationships in their lives. The best kinds of co-workers will possess team spirit, be hard working, and have a sense of humor.
Co-workers with team spirit will put the needs of the company and their co-workers before their own needs.
For instance, an employee with team spirit might put in uncompensated overtime to help a co-worker finish a project before a big deadline. If the worker who needs help does not meet the deadline, the whole company might lose an important client. If co-workers help each other, even though the rewards might not be immediately apparent, each individual will gain more than if they worked separately.
A good co-worker needs to be hard working. This is the responsibility of every worker in any company. Just as the failure of employees to cooperate will hurt each member of a company, failure of each worker to perform to the best of his/her ability will hurt the company. It will not only lower that particular worker's productivity, it will also damage the co-workers' morale. If I see a co-worker of mine slacking off, I might begin to think to myself, ”Why should I work hard? I can slack off like my co-worker and still make the same amount of money!“ Hard work is not only important for productivity; it is also a crucial prerequisite of team spirit. Finally, good co-workers need to have a sense of humor. Working at any company can be very stressful. Even though it is necessary for everyone to work hard, that does not mean that work cannot be fun. Since co-workers spend so much time together, being able to joke and laugh each other is also important. If an employee is perceived by his/her co-workers as a humorless workaholic, then they might not want to go along with him/her. His/her lack of humor hurts team spirit, and not only irritates the people around him/her, but also damages the whole company.
托福写作范文附思路解析
23. Is it advisable for a teenage student to have a part-time job?
In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea?
Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details.
注意审题。是teenager而不是college students。Teenagers have jobs，这显然是一个BAD idea。Teenager，意
指十几岁的孩子——16岁或者18岁以下(18岁以上就是adult了，16、7的孩子往往被称之为 young adults。
参见：[61])。雇用童工(Employing children labor)目前在很多国家是非法(illegal)的。也违反国际儿童保护条
约(International Children Act )。允许雇用童工，或存在童工现象，都是一个国家落后愚昧的表现。
不要说teenager打工可以锻炼自我，teenager需要的是接受教育，健康成长
不要说teenager打工可以认识社会，teenager还不具备足够的心理承受能力(psychological endurance)，过早步入社会 (early exposure to the real world)，只能导致世界观、价值观(out look of world, value, etc.)的扭曲(deteriorated; distorted)。
『范文』
People who oppose the idea of students taking part time jobs say that students should use their time to focus on exclusively on studying. I would argue instead that part-time jobs helps students focus on their studies, provides valuable practical experience, and allows them a feeling of success and independence that is a perfect complement to their academic pursuits.
A popular criticism of schools is that they are ”ivory towers,“ or places where study and research are divorced from the ”real world_. A part-time job related to their major gives students an exciting chance to apply the theories they have learned in school. Chemistry is a notoriously abstract, boring, difficult subject. When a student takes a part-time job in a medical research lab, however, he/she might discover how important studying Chemistry is for saving people's lives. This student might then return to his/her Chemistry studies with renewed vigor. What was an abstract academic pursuit becomes a concrete and interesting goal with a real relationship to the student's life.
Part-time jobs also help students strengthen their resumes, build important contacts with companies, and familiarize them with the contemporary state of their respective fields. No matter how hard they try, Computer Science textbook publishers cannot keep up with the rapid development of new computer hardware, software, and programming languages. . students who wish to maintain a competitive edge in the job market should find part-time positions where they can learn state-of-the-art techniques. After they graduate from college, they might then return to their part-time employer to look for a full-time position, or approach other employers with good references and cutting-edge work experience.
Finally, the feeling of success that comes from holding a part-time job can build students' confidence. Knowing that they can do a job well and be paid for it is an important character-building experience that many students put off for too long. Learning to manage the money that they make will be a critical part of their future lives. If they make mistakes handling their money in college, the results will probably not be disastrous, but will teach them valuable lessons that they will be sure to remember in the future, when they will be truly independent.
24. The advantages and disadvantages of my city
A person you know is planning to move to your town or city. What do you think this person would like and dislike about living in your town or city? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.
『分析』
这是一个讨论假设问题的题目。尽量展开想象。注意：不要只说my city，要指出你所在城市的名字， 比如：Beijing, Shanghai等等。
人们会喜欢的有：女人喜欢商场;男人可能喜欢书店;大的公园、动物园;名胜古迹;文化氛围人们会讨厌的有：交通堵塞;空气不新鲜;大城市的排外主义(exclusivism)、不友善(unfriendly);
『范文』
If my friend Joey wants to move to Beijing, I think even though she might find something she dislikes, she will ultimately like this greatest city in our country. The weather might be one thing that she dislikes. The weather in Beijing is characterized by dry climate and it is much windy and dusty than that of Guangzhou city. Joey is very sensitive about her skin, so she will definitely hate dusty winds in Beijing. Moreover, Beijing's winter is far too much colder than that of Guangzhou, it might take Joey, as many other people came from the South, a very long time to get accustomed to. Nevertheless, she might well enjoy winter in the North, since she has never seen snowflakes in reality before. I remembered the shining of yearning and eager in her eyes when I once told her what the winter in the North looks like.
She might be always irritated by heavy traffic in Beijing, though taxis in Beijing cost much less than in Guangzhou. When I was in Guangzhou, seldom was I trapped by traffic jams. It must be ridiculous for her to have spent more than two hours and still didn't arrive at the destination which is merely 10 kilometers away. And the most ludicrous thing is, even if you possess a private car, it is more likely to be useless, for parking lots are always crowded, which means more time is to be wasted. Good news for her is that the bus system and that of subway in Beijing are well developed and more convenient, and she won't have to bear that odor of bromhidrosis owing to burning weather as she once experienced in buses of Guangzhou. What she will definitely love is the cultural ethos of the city. Beijing has a history probably longer than any other big city in China. To visit all historical landscapes in Beijing, she will need at least three years, no kidding!
Beijing has the most famous and excellent universities, the largest libraries, the richest museums, yet most important of all, her best friend! Amazingly, in this aged city, people are sometimes more international. Joey is especially fond of art, and Beijing is the right place for her, in which concerts of international singers or other musicians are much frequent, and she will even be able to attend Cui Jian's casual private concert in a coffee shop on a rainy autumn weekend.
25. Do you like a large shopping center being built in your neighborhood?
It has recently been announced that a large shopping center may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
参见：[5]
『范文』
While the proponents of the plan to build a large shopping center in my community believe that it will aid economic development, I think that it will possibly do irreparable harm to our neighborhood. The proposed shopping center will damage existing businesses, provide inferior products, and destroy the environment of our peaceful community.
Research indicates that companies with less than 50 workers employ more people and generate more revenue as a percentage of a nation's GDP than large-scale corporations. This is true in America, where small businesses are considered the engine of the economy, as it is in our community where many people own and operate small shops. Large stores can buy large quantities of goods at wholesale prices. While local grocery, that cannot buy products in bulk, will be unable to compete. Once the competition is gone, the large store can raise its prices and lower its employee's wages. This classic example of exploitative monopoly capitalism impoverishes a community while enriching a small number of people.
The goods sold at the shopping center would be mass produced and necessarily of inferior quality to the handcrafted local goods and freshly grown local produce. Cheap products like plastic furniture would lack the character and local flavor of traditional wooden furniture made right here in our town. Cheaply mass-produced food,laden with pesticides and chemical preservatives, would crowd out the healthier, fresher, and tastier local produce on the shelves of the large shopping center. Low prices from the large store might tempt local consumers to eat less healthy food, endangering the health of local people as well as harming the incomes of local farmers and shopkeepers.
Lastly, I must point out that a large shopping center might bring unwelcome development to our small community. Ugly and noisy roads and parking lots would need to be constructed. The volume of people wanting to buy things at the new shopping center would worsen the traffic situation, which is already bad. Pollution from cars and trucks already has a notably degrading effect on the local air-quality and this is also bound to become worse as the traffic to and from the shopping center increases.
托福独立写作题目：It is easier to become educated today than it was in the past.相比过去，人们现在更容易接受教育?
思路讲解：
今昔对比类的老题，思路总体不难展开，按照上课讲的理由作答即可。
选择同意，即现在受教育比过去容易
1.现代社会，接收知识和信息的方式增多，这可以给各类人群提供受教育的机会：网络课程(在职人士、异地学生等);各类培训班(出国考试、考研、CPA等)而在过去，适龄学生基本只能在学校受教育。
2. 政策扶持: 如中国让出生在贫困线(家庭年收入2300元)及以下家庭的孩子免费接受教育等。
托福写作模板思路分享—政府开发公共用地
托福独立写作题目：镇政府要投资开发公共用地，有两个选择： 1. 为所有民众建造公共花园 2. 为还没有体育场的高中修建体育场
思路讲解：
如选择为全民建造公共花园，可以这样展开：
1.花园对环境保护以及全民健康大有裨益。如现在空气污染严重，雾霾频发，空气污浊，气味刺鼻(pungent)，导致许多人患上呼吸系统疾病。建造公共花园可以极大地帮助缓解这些问题，因为花草普遍可以进行光合作用，可帮助净化空气。后面举例说明即可。
2. 虽然学生在运动场上运动也有好处，如放松减压等，但也有其他途径也可以帮助实现这个目标，如在健身房运动、与朋友聊天等。
如果选择为没有体育场的高中建造体育场，可以这样构思：
1. 有利于高中生放松减压。高中生普遍学业压力很大，不仅每天要上多门课，还要完成各种作业。如果能在运动场上做运动，就可以暂时摆脱学业的压力与烦恼，心情也会变好。运动完毕再回归学习时，也能感觉更神清气爽有效率。在花园赏花固然也能让人放松以及平静心绪，但是在运动的过程中，身体各部位得以锻炼，也会汗流浃背，这会让人感到更畅快。
2. 在运动场运动可以培养团队合作意识，增进友谊。可以拿足球篮球等团队运动举例。
托福写作模板思路分享之保持身体健康
托福独立写作题目：Agree or disagree: it is easier for people to maintain good health today than it was in the past.
是否同意：相比过去，人们更容易保持身体健康。
思路讲解：
一道老生常谈的今昔对比型考题。今昔对比题是每年必考题型，这道题更是在过往的几年于中国大陆和北美至少考过三次，重要性和经典程度不言而喻。
如果选择同意，即人们现在维持好的健康状况比过去更容易，可以这样展开构思：
1.医疗技术的进步可以预防及治愈在过去或许会致命的(fatal)疾病。可以拿手术、HPV疫苗等举例。
2. 现代人饮食更全面均衡，这对健康有利。过去人能够吃到的食物种类较少，甚至在灾害发生的年份，只能吃到草根树皮等;而现代人能够接触到各种食材，包括蔬菜、瓜果，鸡蛋和谷物等，营养摄入更充分。
如果选择不同意，也就是人们在过去比现在更易维持健康，可以考虑现代社会存在哪些不利健康的因素，如空气污染，繁重的生活工作压力等。
托福写作模板思路分享之培养大一学生的学习习惯
托福独立写作题目：许多大一学生有不好的学习习惯。有人认为大学应该给所有大一新生提供一门必修课，帮助他们培养好的学习习惯，其他人认为不必要。
思路讲解：
这道题选择同意更好写：
1.此类课程可以帮助学生提高学习效率。大一学生刚进入大学，对于大学学习不能完全适应，所以可能无法合理安排学习时间及学习任务，很多学生甚至总拖到截止期快要到来的时刻才开始拼命赶作业。如果大学在这方面给新生指导，他们就更能有条不紊地安排学习，提高效率，甚至还能匀出时间做其他有助于自我提升的事情，如参加研讨会等。
2. 大学这样做能够帮助大一新生增强学习自主性，从而取得良好成绩。大一学生的学习习惯往往源自高中，而高中的学习方式与大学大相径庭，如果大学新生把高中的方法用在学习大学课程上可能没有好的效果，甚至适得其反。例如拿自己国家的情况举例。很多高中生学习缺乏自主性，总是被动等待，老师教的就是学生学的，学生不会自己多学。老师也常在课上讲作业题。而在大学，老师讲课普遍粗放，如果自己不积极主动学习更多，那么很有可能是无法取得好成绩的。比如很多大学老师的一节课能覆盖一本厚书中至少一半的内容，或讲的内容与教材无关，课下为了完成作业，就必须花大量时间自学及研读各种文献等。作业中的问题也要主动询问老师，因为老师上课往往不讲作业，自己不问就得不到解决。正是因为有如此高的自主性要求，很多大一学生刚开始并不能适应，导致成绩达不到自我期待。
托福写作模板思路分享之“分享给孩子的价值
托福独立写作题目：Which one of the following values do you think is the most important to share with a young child (aged 5-10)? Being helpful; being honest; being well-organized
以下哪一项价值你认为分享给5-10岁的孩子最为重要：助人，城市，有条理
思路讲解：
这道独立考题认真做过准备的宝宝们会发现，在近几年的北美和中国大陆考试中已轮番出现数次。此题选择哪种value都可以，能给出合理的理由和例证即可。
比如选择最后一项，有组织有条理：
第一段：组织条理需要在孩子小时候各方面还未定型之际培养，以帮助孩子养成良好的习惯，有助于未来发展。举例说明即可，比如从小让孩子自己整理各种东西，安排每天需要做的事情等，孩子就会学会有条不紊地安排自己每日的学习和生活，即便将来长大面对繁重的课业和工作压力时，也能沉着应对，有助于提高效率，把事情做得更好。
第二段：乐于助人的品质固然很好，但是这项品质的养成不一定通过刻意分享，而更多的在于周边人的做法，如果孩子周围的人都乐于助人，那么孩子处在这样的环境里也自然会耳濡目染，受到影响，变得愿意帮助别人。
第三段：诚实同样代表此人可靠人品好，但是人不可能在何时何地都诚实，不论孩子还是成人，都会在某些特定情况下选择说非恶意的谎言。此处可以举例说明。
如果选择诚实，可以论述诚实的重要性，如诚实代表此人可靠人品好，这样的人会容易获得他人的信任，有助于自身发展。不选有组织有条理的原因是因为这样会一定程度上限制创造力，有研究佐证。
Finally,the professor stated that ,on the contrary of reading,......In other words,.....This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates,because.....
反驳的单词：differ from ,disagree with, cast doubt on, conflict with, challenge
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