Interest Is the Best TeacherI was not able to get high marks when I was in primary school. teachers didn't like me because i was not a good student. mother considered me as a bad kid. they hurt me by thinking i am a retarded child. but i am no all of my paintings were showed in public. many famous artists had praised me formy paintings. they called me xxxlittle prodigyxxx. and dad was on my side too. he encouragedme to do what i liked and what i thought was told me that interest is the best teacher, dad did what he could to develop my talent fully. i believe that interest together with hard work will make me a successful artist in the near future.
一、从范文找标杆
想写出好文章，就得先确立目标，树立标杆，明确什么样的文章才是好文章，而这个标杆就是范文。分析的范文，会发现高分范文有一些共同的特点：
三段式永远不会过时。
观点不一定十分新颖，但都很清晰、有理有据。
如果题目中提供了两个观点，高分作文一定是选择其一，并在文章一开始就表明自己的立场，而不是_两个观点都有道理__各打五十大板_。
连词不少，尤其是在段首和转折、强调、分点说明时。
没有通篇用长句，都是长短句相结合，有节奏感。
用词重复率很低，前后用不同的单词表达同一个意思。
二、要_输出_，先_输入_
写作是英语能力的_输出_过程，要_输出_，先得有_输入_的积累。抓住一份的作文，从学习它的范文开始，依葫芦画瓢，把别人写的好的句子、短语，甚至开头结尾的方式、承上启下的句子、连词都标注下来，然后熟读、默写，再把范文合起来，自己完整地写一篇，不求和范文完全相同，也不怕和范文雷同。多积累几篇后，肚子里有点_货_了，以后再写别的题目也慢慢能找到感觉，写出自己的东西了。
三、背单词不如背短语、句子
如果把写作当成盖房子，那么单词就是砖瓦。砖瓦不求多(词汇量大)，也不求奇形怪状(知道很多_高级_的生僻词汇)，只要够用就行，更重要的是要知道如何把这些砖拼成结实而漂亮的形状，而好的短语和句型就是已经拼好的、实用且形状漂亮的砖。
虽然很多作文辅导书上有分类整理的好句子，但更唾手可得的资源是的阅读文章和范文，在学习的时候可以从这两个来源中积累好句子，并把它们记在一个小笔记本，随身携带，没事儿就翻出来读一读。
连词就像文章的润滑剂，得体地使用连词可以让文章的水平大上一个台阶。一般学生除了firstly、secondly、lastly之外，对表示转折、递进等关系的连词(如however、despite、moreover等)并没有什么使用的意识。但是需要知道，连词性价比极高，高分范文中出现连词的数量有限，认真学习帮助会很大。
平时可以多练习着写作文，多写几篇就能知道自己写一篇英语作文大概需要的时间，你就能找到自己写作文的不足之处并改进了。
dear audrey:
hi! my name is li ming. i am very glad to have this chance to write to you and become pen pals.
let me first introduce myself. i'm currently working as a computer programmer in a large multi-national company. i graduated from beijing normal university with a bachelor's degree in computer science in 20xx. my hobbies include listening to pop music and traveling.
this summer, i will be traveling with mr. yang guo to norway. if you are free, i would be very happy to meet you in person. well, let me finish here. i am already eagerly awaiting your reply. i hope that we can become good friends.
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。
1． 阐述名言或主题所蕴含的意义。
2． 分析并举例使其更充实。
A pet is all animal which is raised or kept by people as a recent years,more and more people,old or young,rich or poor,like to keep a pet such as a dog,a cat,a monkey and so are loved by not only are good friends to their masters but also become members of the they are not human beings,their behavior sometimes is better than the human beings,for they always remain obedient and loyal to the are many stories in which we are told that a pet saved his or her master's life or even traveled thousands of miles to return makes them more pets are very instance,a trained dog can help the blind to walk and a trained pig can even find out drugs from the imports pets are sometimes pets such as dogs or snakes may attack people lot of people become ill or get infected because of the virus carried hy their some pets are dirty and do not advocate keeping pets.
词汇记忆方法
英语二词汇要求达到3800词，词组750.有的同学问是不是就只要背下册书的词汇就行了，回答是不够的，肯定是不够的，因为词汇没有说只考下册，上册也要背。但是有人说我短期内怎么记住这些大量的词汇呢?大家词汇学习第一个应该是有一定的时间，因为有的同学说一个星期或者两个星期教给你方法能够记住几千，他这个方法有点儿像变魔术，不太现实，我觉得词汇是一个积累。因为从心理学角度来讲学词汇有两个方向，一个方向是要把词汇学习的时候印象深刻，一个词能够像串葡萄似的串出一串来，比如同义词、反义词、近义词，应该把有关联的词相互记忆。第二，词汇一定得重复，从心理学角度学词必须这样。
词汇记忆方法
英语二词汇要求达到3800词，词组750.有的同学问是不是就只要背下册书的词汇就行了，回答是不够的，肯定是不够的，因为词汇没有说只考下册，上册也要背。但是有人说我短期内怎么记住这些大量的词汇呢?大家词汇学习第一个应该是有一定的时间，因为有的同学说一个星期或者两个星期教给你方法能够记住几千，他这个方法有点儿像变魔术，不太现实，我觉得词汇是一个积累。因为从心理学角度来讲学词汇有两个方向，一个方向是要把词汇学习的时候印象深刻，一个词能够像串葡萄似的串出一串来，比如同义词、反义词、近义词，应该把有关联的词相互记忆。第二，词汇一定得重复，从心理学角度学词必须这样。
学习重点
英语是一种语言，任何语言都是由词和句子构成的，所以光会了词，不会把这些词组成句子是不行的，因此怎么组成句子呢?得知道组成句子的规则，还有一些习惯用法，你必须要了解这种语言的文化，所以说学英语光学词是不行的，因此是除了学词以外还得学词的用法以及文化，习惯用法就是一种文化，死背根本记不住。为什么记不住?背的这个词应该是灵活的，怎么灵活呢?这个词首先要知道词性是什么，做个句子，学了一个词不会做句子造一个短语，还要大声的念，李阳疯狂英语为什么风靡全国，就是要把词大声地念出来，这样从耳朵里能够听进去的，对大脑的刺激比眼睛里看见的要强得多，所以学习词汇的一个技巧要大声念，要组一个词或者组一个短语，这样记忆比光看两遍、写几遍要好得多。
考前冲刺方法
最好的方法应该是做冲刺的题目，所谓冲刺的题目就是要做一些题目跟考试的真题一样的，每一部分都是给自己做测试，做模拟题，比如要设定时间是2个半小时，考试是2个半小时，你就要用2个半小时做模拟卷然后做考试题，因为考试的真题都有答案，最后对一下答案看得多少分。
考试如何安排考场时间
考试时间安排，总有最后的翻译题来不及做的这种情况，所以我跟大家讲主观性题目，我刚才说了有30%，一定要留出足够的时间，至少三分之一的时间来做。有一部分比较难的，就像完形填空，那个只有10分，但是有大部分同学在那儿花的时间太多了，完形填空一段文章是比较难的，把10个空填进去，如果耗费了很多时间不值得。因为完形填空一般的同学语法知识比较差的话，做不好这道题。但是像第一个题目词汇结构题，如果有一定的语法知识这道题应该是可以拿到分的。再有阅读理解题，也是30分，有的同学最后来不及把文章仔细看，就随便乱选了很容易选错，所以把三分之一的时间一定要留给阅读理解，还有三分之一的时间留给主观性题目就是翻译题。
注意事项
重复学习法 当感到知识已经掌握得的差不多的时候，再重复学一次。这一次也许会获得更深的印象和更多的体会。
换位思考法 在自学中，不要老是把你自己当成是“学生”，处于被动地位，而要不断的把自己摆放到“先生”的位置上，采取主动，产生不同的想法来。
角色转换法 在自学某个专业时，比如会计，不要仅仅把自己当成考生练习题目，而要把自己设想成一个资深会计人员，正在替企业做帐。这样，就会学以致用，有益于考试。
交叉应用法 对知识多方位、多学科的交叉应用，会对本门课程的学习产生更大的效应。这在科学史上已是不胜枚举的成功方法。
经典指导法 在自学中，会经常碰到困惑。这就需要运用自己学到的经典学科的理论知识，如马克思主义辨证唯物论以及逻辑学、心理学等来指导实践。
重点把握法 好的自考生从不胡乱的猜题。但是，考前重点把握考点是可行的。就在考试前三五天，集中把学科的重点、难点弄懂，如果内容多、记不住，可以选择“重中之重”，强记下来，必有收获。
考试如何安排考场时间
考试时间安排，总有最后的翻译题来不及做的这种情况，所以我跟大家讲主观性题目，我刚才说了有30%，一定要留出足够的时间，至少三分之一的时间来做。有一部分比较难的，就像完形填空，那个只有10分，但是有大部分同学在那儿花的时间太多了，完形填空一段文章是比较难的，把10个空填进去，如果耗费了很多时间不值得。因为完形填空一般的同学语法知识比较差的话，做不好这道题。但是像第一个题目词汇结构题，如果有一定的语法知识这道题应该是可以拿到分的。再有阅读理解题，也是30分，有的同学最后来不及把文章仔细看，就随便乱选了很容易选错，所以把三分之一的时间一定要留给阅读理解，还有三分之一的时间留给主观性题目就是翻译题。
注意事项
备考英语(二)最大的资本就是课本，考生最少要留一个月时间，把课文从头到尾复习一遍，力求吃透课本知识。
重复学习法 当感到知识已经掌握得的差不多的时候，再重复学一次。这一次也许会获得更深的印象和更多的体会。
换位思考法 在自学中，不要老是把你自己当成是“学生”，处于被动地位，而要不断的把自己摆放到“先生”的位置上，采取主动，产生不同的想法来。
角色转换法 在自学某个专业时，比如会计，不要仅仅把自己当成考生练习题目，而要把自己设想成一个资深会计人员，正在替企业做帐。这样，就会学以致用，有益于考试。
交叉应用法 对知识多方位、多学科的交叉应用，会对本门课程的学习产生更大的效应。这在科学史上已是不胜枚举的成功方法。
经典指导法 在自学中，会经常碰到困惑。这就需要运用自己学到的经典学科的理论知识，如马克思主义辨证唯物论以及逻辑学、心理学等来指导实践。
重点把握法 好的自考生从不胡乱的猜题。但是，考前重点把握考点是可行的。就在考试前三五天，集中把学科的重点、难点弄懂，如果内容多、记不住，可以选择“重中之重”，强记下来，必有收获。
It is very important to the rest of the world because of its underground petroleum fields.
It is said that oil is industrial blood and for this reason perhaps the war September 11，2001，the Twin Towers in New York as well as parts of the Pentagon were destroyed by an airplane planned by terrorists， which made George Bush declared to fight the country’s enemies.
It was said that Iraq still possessed many weapons of mass destruction and weapon inspectors were sent to the country by the UN to find the no evidence was found， America still wanted to go to war with Iraq and the main target is Sadam war was just like the quiet battle between France and China in was said that a relation of Sadam betrayed him.
I think war is not just a matter of two persons or two-family is related to so many victims’ inrerests .As a leader， one must always think for all the people， so will his country be prosperous for Peace-com
自考英语二试题答案
自考英语二试题答案
at all is worth doing well.
A. Whatever is worth doing B. That is worth doing C. What is worth doing it D. Whatever is worth doing it
bought a house for his children ________.
A. lived in B. to live in C. lived D. to live
the middle of the 21st century，the vast majority of the world‘s population will be living in cities _______ in the country.
A. other than B. more than C. better than D. rather than
appreciate _______ with him because he is knowledgeable and humorous.
A. talking B. talked C. talk D. to talk
will be allowed in proportion _______ exports.
A. to B. for C. out D. of
built a highway _______ the mountains.
A. lead into B. to lead into C. led into D. leading into
_______ for two hours now.
A. rains B. is raining C. has rained D. has been raining
girl was lucky enough to _______ the bad men and ran away.
A. break away B. break away from C. break out D. break into
policeman came up to the lonely house with the door _______， _______ there for a while and then entered it.
A. open; to stand B. opening; stood C. open; stood D. opened; standing
the new plan can be carried out will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whether
English nor Chinese ________ difficult to learn.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
is obvious how bad movies will impact ________ children.
A. on B. to C. with D. in
Roman goddess Venus is identified _______ the Greek goddess Aphrodite.
A. with B. by C. for D. to
declined _______ more about it.
A. say B. to say C. said D. saying
government called out policemen to suppress the riot.
A. 政府派警察镇压动乱
B. 政府把警察叫出来镇压动乱
C. 政府给警察打电话让他们出去压迫动乱
D. 政府高喊要警察出去镇压动乱
new laws threaten to deprive many people _______ the most elementary freedoms.
A. from B. for C. of D. about
he has enough money to buy the house， it doesn‘t mean he’s going to do so.
A. Grant B. Granted that C. Having Granted that D. Grant that
reply， when it finally came， was ________ the negative.
A. for B. into C. in D. with
don‘t mind _______ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
for a long time， most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
21.—— We have to stop talking here outside. Listen， _______!
—— Hurry up， or we‘ll be late.
A. There goes the bell B. There does the bell go C. There the bell goes D. Goes the bell there
factory _______ we‘ll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
23.—Why didn‘t you buy a new car?
—I would have bought one if I _______ enough money.
A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had
was so much noise that the speaker couldn‘t make himself ________.
A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. to hear
is an important problem _______ too few social scientists have researched.
A. which B. that C. into that D. into which
________ extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training.
A. undertake B. undergo C. underplay D. underuse
will get the preparation done early in May.
A. 他们五月初就能让别人准备完工作
B. 他们五月初就能准备好工作
C. 他们早在五月份就能把准备工作做完
D. 他们五月初就能把准备工作做完
_______， we‘ll go out for a walk.
A. permitted B. permitting C. permits D. for permitting
don‘t think the charge for overhauling the equipment is excessive in _______ to its size.
A. correspondence B. equation C. proportion D. dimension
is difficult to understand this kind of _______ calculation.
A. intricate B. varied C. indispensable D. equable
for the free ticket， I would not have gone to see film so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
but you _______ what he said.
A. agrees with B. agrees out C. agree with D. agree to
33.—David has made great progress recently.
—_______， and _______.
A. So he has;so you have B. So he has;so have you C. So he has;so do you D. So has he;so you have
engineer ______ my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
doesn‘t always _______ money.
A. go through B. go in for C. go with D. go over
were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was ofgreat value.
A. dated B. dating C. coming D. kept
is the house _______ you can enjoy the scenery.
A. in that B. that C. which D. from which
old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming _______ an excess of it.
A. other than B. rather than C. in place of D. instead
答案：
单项选择题
1.正确答案：A答案解析：句意为“凡是值的做的，就值得好好去做。”本题注意的是：这个句型中的动名词是用主动形式表示被动意义。
2.正确答案：B答案解析：本题属于动词不定式复合结构做后置定语。in不可省略。句意：他买了一套房子给孩子们住。
3.正确答案：D答案解析：本题考查词组辨析。rather than：与其…(不如);不是…(而是)。句意：到二十一世纪中叶，世界上大多数人口将生活在城市而不是农村。
4.正确答案：A答案解析：appreciate doing sth. 愿意，喜欢做某事。句意：人们喜欢同他交谈是因为他既博学又幽默。
5.正确答案：A答案解析：in proportion to：按…的比例，与…成正比。
6.正确答案：D答案解析：leading into的逻辑主语是highway，它们之间是主动的关系，所以用动名词形式。句意：他们修建了一条通往山里的公路。
7.正确答案：D答案解析：雨现在还在下，是持续到现在的动作，所以根据句意，用现在完成进行时比较好。
8.正确答案：B答案解析：break away：脱离，逃离，逃走。符合句意。介词from与后面的the bad men连接。break out：爆发。break into：闯入，潜入，破门而入。
9.正确答案：C答案解析：with the door open是with 的复合结构，open 为形容词，表状态; stood与came， entered为并列关系，在句中作谓语。
10.正确答案：D答案解析：句意为“是否执行新的计划将在明天的会议上进行讨论”。因此答案为D.
11.正确答案：C答案解析：neither…nor…是固定搭配，意思是：既不……也不……。它需要遵循就近原则，谓语动词应与Chinese一致，所以答案是C.
12.正确答案：A答案解析：impact有时也可以当作一个动词来用，与之搭配的介词仍然是on.句意：坏电影对儿童会产生什么影响是显而易见的。
13.正确答案：A答案解析：be identified with：和……有联系，被视为与……等同。
14.正确答案：B答案解析：decline后面可以跟动词不定式，其它形式比如ing形式用的很少。
15.正确答案：A答案解析：to suppress the riot在句子中是作目的状语，表示“警察来是镇压动乱的”，所以答案为A.
16.正确答案：C答案解析：deprive sb of sth：剥夺某人某物。
17.正确答案：B答案解析：Granted that：尽管，即使。
18.正确答案：C答案解析：in the negative：否定的，否决。
19.答案解析：这是一个带有逻辑主语的动名词结构。依据前面所讲，逻辑主语应是一个带有形容词性的物主代词，其后的动词delay也应该是一个动名词。
20.正确答案：D答案解析：There being no rain为 there be句型的独立主格形式。
21.正确答案：A答案解析：在以here， there， up， down， in， on， out， away， off等副词开头的句子里，主语是名词时，句子主谓全部倒装，以示强调。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。
22.正确答案：C答案解析：which是关系代词，在从句中作宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
23.正确答案：D答案解析：第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
24.正确答案：B答案解析：make sb done： 使某人被…
句意：嘈杂声那么大，以至于听众无法听清演讲者的话。
25.正确答案：D答案解析：into which引导的是problem的定语从句。which指代problem，into与research搭配。
26.正确答案：B答案解析：句意：他们经历了大量的并且可能是危险的实际飞行训练。
27.正确答案：D答案解析：首先需要注意early in May表示“五月初”的意思，选项A“让别人准备完”这种表达是不准确的';此外get the preparation done表示的是“把准备工作做完”，选项B的表达不是很准确。
28.正确答案：B答案解析：本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构， 其结构为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为“天气允许”，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B.
29.正确答案：C答案解析：in proportion to是固定搭配， 意为“与……成比例， 与……相称”。反义语：out of proportion不成比例，不相称。本题译文：我认为该设备的大修费并不过分， 是与它的大小相称的。
30.正确答案：A答案解析：参考译文：很难理解这种错综复杂的计算。intricate 错综复杂的，纠缠不清的; varied 不同的，种种的; indispensable 不可缺少的，绝对必要的; equable 变动甚少的，稳定的。
31.正确答案：C答案解析：从本题后半句可以看出这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中的动词要用“had +过去分词”，如果将if省略，had要位于主语之前，构成倒装句，故本题的答案是 it not been for the free ticket =If it had not been for the free ticket.
32.正确答案：A答案解析：主语为nobody时，谓语动词用单数，如果主语被but， as wellas， with等短语修饰，谓语仍与主语的数保持一致。该题易误选C、D，选D的原因在于词组记忆不清，用介词to时之后应加具体项目。而选择C就在于误把you作为主语对待了。而实际上nobody才是主语。
33.正确答案：B答案解析：以so开头的句子如果是表示前面所表达的内容也适合于另一个人或物时，句子要用倒装语序，这时前后的主语不一致;但当so开头的句子只是重复前一句的意思，表示“的确”，“如此”，前后主语是同一人或物时，句子不用倒装语序。根据题目的意思，本题的答案是B.
34.正确答案：D答案解析：with whom引导定语从句。with whom放在从句中即为：my father works with the engineer.
35.正确答案：D答案解析：为了保持句子的平衡，往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面，尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
36.正确答案：C答案解析：句意：幸福未必总是伴随金钱而来。go with：伴随，与……相配
37.正确答案：B答案解析：本句中含有be+of+n.这个结构。dating back to the 16th century的逻辑主语是stone figure.
38.正确答案：D答案解析：句意：你从中能欣赏外面风景的就是这座房子。在定语从句中判断用关系代词还是用关系副词，需要弄明白在从句中需要什么语法成分，也就是说，要看关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分，本题的定语从句中少地点状语，先行词又是表地点的名词，故可选用where.观察四个选项后，我们发现并无where一词，我们可以用“介词+ which”来代替。注意，本句话所表达的应该是：You can enjoy the scenery from the house，故可排除A选项，选D.
39.正确答案：C答案解析：本题考查的是倒装结构的用法。第二分句中因有否定副词never提前，故应用倒装结构;第一分句中的have been married已限定了时态，据此可排除D项。
40.正确答案：B答案解析：rather than 而不是。other than 不同于，除了;in place of 代替;instead 代替。
It is universally acknowledged that almost all school have a school moto to express school ’s spirit to the public and their student who are supposed to encouraged to study hard.
There is no doubt that Wuhan University has its own school motto,it says:” promote perseverance,improve yourself,seek truth and make innovation ”.It goes without saying that there are countless students who come from Wuhan University follow the motto to explore truth and make innovation in last over 120 in Wuhan University learn off the motto,they promote perseverance and improve themselves in daily life and motto like a kind of invisible power,believe it or not,that lead us to earn the good quality which the motto it comes to talk a certain university,it is generally believed that students from here will have the good quality that its school motto describes.
To sum up,school motto attach great importance to not just students but also school.
一些外国留学生将要来你的大学，以学生会的名义给他们写一封email，
1、表示你的欢迎
2、为他们在这里的校园生活提供一些建议
请写100个字左右，请不要在信的末尾写你的名字，用笔名代替，不要写地址。
范文：
Dear students，
First of all， allow me， on behalf of the leaders of our school teachers and students are warmly welcome to come to you， welcome to our school and life.
Campus life is different in different countries， in order to make your life more comfortable， the following I will describe some of the proposals in my school life.
First of all， cannot call the teacher's name in China， because China is a ritual of ceremony， Chinese used to call the expression of respect for teachers.
Secondly， I hope you cherish the time studying in China， take the initiative to increase opportunities for interaction with Chinese people， so that both can improve your Chinese language level， can understand Chinese culture.
Finally， if you encounter difficulty in living and learning， to communicate with us in a timely you to study abroad in China live in interesting times!
本文链接：
本文标题：英语二考研作文范文2篇
自考英语二复习计划
课本知识学扎实
备考英语(二)最大的资本就是课本，考生最少要留一个月时间，把课文从头到尾复习一遍，力求吃透课本知识。1个月复习时间比较紧张，基础不好的考生还要多下功夫。课本学习重点是A课文，也不能放弃B课文，但如果时间紧，首先要保证A课文的学习，包括A课文后面的练习题都要认真做，因为A课文大约要占到80%的比重。在历年10月份英语(二)考试中看，从书中出题的比例很大，甚至最后一道英译汉也是从课文中选取的。
如果时间允许，要先复习英语(一)，复习的策略是把考试大纲规定的单词背好，涉及到英语(一)的基础语法弄懂，课文就可以不看了。
单词背诵要贯穿始终，每天都要坚持背点，多重复，多回头看，多比较，可以采用联想、口诀、拆分等方法来记忆单词，日积月累才会收到良好效果。单词背诵主要以考试大纲为蓝本。可以把单词分为会拼、会用、会认三个层次，考拼写的一般不会太难，基本上中等难度，尤其字母和读音不太对称的喜欢考。词组一般要会用，剩下大部分单词会认就行。当然，每个单词都达到会拼会用就更好了。
如果考生有时间，报个fudao班跟着老师复习可能会更系统些，但要注意选择权威的辅导班。考生也可xuan权威的guang盘在家复习。
多做真题善积累
第二个月复习重点是做题，做题要选择英语(二)历年真题。因为真题的含金量最大，考生可以通过历年真题了解到考试重点和题型分布。对于以前做过的题目，不妨回头再做，有的题隔一段时间再做，可以加强复习效果。对于像完型填空、阅读理解等和书上内容无关的题型，只有多做练习才能提高成绩。
考生还可以留两套最新的真题到临近考试时测试用。在做题过程中，如果发现不懂的地方，要及时翻书，再把知识点夯实。
在做真题的同时，还要选择一些适合的模拟题来做。模拟题一定要找适合自考水平的题，如果选择太难或太易的题，对于英语(二)考试没有太大的作用。通过做题要掌握解题技巧，摸清出题思路，达到熟能生巧。
考生平时还要注意多积累课本以外的知识，这对提高阅读理解解题能力有较大帮助。例如，考生如果有时间就要多看看与自考难易程度相当的文章。不能选择四、六级、考、托福等考试的阅读来做，难度大会打击考生信心，可以看些《大学英语》、《英语sha龙》等有英汉对照的刊物来看。还有阅读的题材，在英语(二)中，阅读理解喜欢考教育、社会问题、风俗习惯、科普等题材文章，考生可以在这些领域多了解点。
查漏补缺进状态
考生可根据自己的情况重点复习，例如重点的语法。语法复习在英语学习中占有很重要的地位，但英语语法学习不能死学，一定要把记和练结合起来。有的考生往往把语法术语记得很熟，但是一到做题时就傻眼了。在英语(二)考试中，像虚拟语气，谓语动词、非谓语动词，各种从句等都是重点，如果考生在做题时觉得哪部分不清楚，都要及时回到课本中再熟悉，拾遗补漏。
临考阶段，考生最好把每一课中最重点的内容再复习一遍，例如可以把书中重点的句子背诵下来。这一时期，考生可以把留下的两套最新真题拿来测试，看看自己大概的水平。对于薄弱的地方，要利用最后一个月重点突击。
按照以往题型，考生在考试时的做题原则，应该是哪些分值多就要多花时间，如果有主观题要先做主观题，后做客观题。
In the world of detective novels,Sherlock Holmes is undoubtedly the most famous for me,the greatest detective in novels is Hercule Poirot,a little Belgian who always uses his little grey cells to find the truth.
I really appreciate him for various reasons,such as his having an insight into other people's psychology,his understanding on hunman nature and his being most improtant thing is that he looks more like a real human being,compared with Holmes or other legend has such a funny appearance,an egg-shaped head and exaggerated moustache .He enjoys delicious cuisine and focuses on his own is always humor and likes to mock prefers to stay with young peole for being attracted by their vigor and there are still so many lovely features of him I can list.
Anyway,I like him and appreciate always get touched by the philosophy of life in his Poirot is indeed my favourite detective.
Private cars，in most developed countries，used to be the counterpart of bicycles in ，more and more Chinese people have cars of their own is an indication of the lifted living standard of Chinese in my opinion，private ownership of cars should not be encouraged in are sound reasons for the limitation of private cars in ，it is self evident that the automobile contributes much to air China，especially in large cities whose residents are more likely to buy private cars，the pollution of the air is already very private cars will inevitably aggravate the present ，private cars can be a formidable threat to the tell the truth，today many people can afford a car，if a large number of private cars rush onto the streets，the already dense traffic will suffer but not the least，the automobile consumes always proudly claim our country is rich in natural in the mean time，we need to remember we also have a large do have rich resources of energy，but speaking of energy，we can not smile with ease.
Therefore，I sincerely believe that private cars should be discouraged in ，by what means shall we limit private cars?Since people buy private cars mainly for convenience，my first suggestion is to develop adequate public transportation which is effective and the same time，we should raise the price of gasoline to a prohibitive level so as to make car-driving expensive in all，private cars，from my point of view，should be limited in China.
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上。全部题目用英文作答。
注意事项：
1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题上。
I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
The Positive Effects of Owning a Dog on Children
Dogs are the best friend of children. The dog and the child teach each other things and they look after each other. Owning a dog can have positive effects on a child’s development. Having a dog develops a child’s sense of responsibility, broadens his capacity for empathy, and teaches him the nature of friendship.
The first advantage of owning a dog is that it’s helpful to develop a child’s sense of responsibility. Once you own a dog, you have to take care of it instead of only playing it: showering, feeding, walking, cleaning up, hair cutting and so on. Dogs are animals that have to spend time together with people or they get depressed. So you must take some time to stay with it. If they are sick, one can’t just leave it alone. All of these works are required to be carefully done which could make a child become more responsible.
Another lesson that a child can learn from having a dog is how to be empathetic. A dog cannot express itself with speech, so its owner must learn to understand what the dog’s behavior means. Is the dog frightened, aggressive, or sick? The child needs to understand what is going on in the dog’s mind. The result of learning to read a dog’s behavior is that the child develops mpathy. By learning how to empathize with a dog, the child also learns how to empathize with other people. This leads to the child becoming a more considerate and caring person.
Being considerate and caring are important characteristics in a good of the most significant benefits of owning a dog is the example of true friendship that a dog provides. A dog gives unconditional love to its owner. A dog will not stop loving its owner because of a little anger, indifference, or neglect. A dog will wait patiently for its owner to pat its head and say a few kind words. This acceptance of the negative qualities and appreciation for the positive qualities of its owner provide a wonderful model of how to be a good friend. A child who has learned to be as good a friend to others as his dog is to him will have learned one of the most valuable lessons in life.
These are some of the most important lessons a child will ever learn. The benefits of owning a dog will last in the child’s entire lifetime. The understanding and appreciation of responsibility, empathy, and friendship that a child develops from the experience of having a dog will help him or her grow into a reliable, caring, and mature adult.
II. Write an outline. (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.
Acting out Metaphors Encourages Creative Thinking
It happens in schools, offices, and boardrooms everywhere: someone working on a project hits a mental block. A boss or teacher might resort to a metaphor like “think outside the box” or “put two and two together,” encouraging a creative solution to the problem. As it turns out, this isn’t just abstract advice. According to an upcoming issue of Psychological Science, literally working outside of a box or putting two halves of something together just might help those creative juices start flowing again.
Since physical metaphors regarding creativity are so common and appearing in several different languages, a group of researchers hypothesized that they may extend beyond mere metaphors. Their study indicates that acting out metaphors literally can affect how our minds work.
In the first part of the study, the researchers asked 102 undergraduates to perform a Remote Associates Test (RAT), in which the subjects were given three seemingly
uelated words and asked to come up with a word that relates to each one. For example, the subject might be given “measure,” “worm,” and “video,”and the correct response would be “tape.”
The participants were divided into three groups; one group was asked to perform this task while sitting inside a 5’ by 5’ cardboard box, another group sat outside the same box, and those in the third group performed the task without a box in the room at all. None of the
participants knew the hypothesis behind the study; they were merely told it was an experiment on different working environments.
There was no difference in performance between those inside the box and those with no box at all. However, the participants that were seated outside the box did much better on the RAT than the other two groups. Apparently, something about literally “thinking outside the box” encourages creativity.
A second experiment looked at another well-known piece of advice: to “put two and two together” to come up with an answer. In the study, 64 subjects were divided into two groups. The first group had to perform a RAT while joining halves of cut paper cards from piles on each side of a desk. The second group performed a similar task, but only had to move card halves from one side of a desk to the other side. Those “putting two and two together” by uniting the two halves of the cards did far better on the RAT than those that were merely moving the cards from one pile to another.
So, acting out metaphors linked to creativity really can help us think creatively. In fact, it does more than let us access the knowledge we presently have; it encourages us to come up with new, unique and creative ideas. Next time you’re stuck on a problem, take a minute to ponder—or even act out—your favorite metaphor, and you might happen upon a great solution.
Topic Outline
Acting out Metaphors Encourages Creative Thinking
It happens everywhere: mental block. A boss or teacher might resort to a metaphor like “think outside the box” or “put two and two together”. This isn’t just abstract advice but might really help have creative thoughts.
A group of researchers hypothesized that acting out metaphors may extend beyond mere metaphors. They can affect how our minds work.
In the first study, the researchers asked 102 undergraduates to perform a Remote Associates Test (RAT). The subjects were given three uelated words and asked to answer a word that relates to each one.
The participants were divided into three groups; one group was asked to perform this task while sitting inside a cardboard box, another group sat outside the same box, and those in the third group performed the task without a box in the room.
There was no difference in performance between those inside the box and those with no box at all. However, the participants outside the box did much better on the RAT. Apparently, something about literally “thinking outside the box” encourages creativity.
The second experiment focused on another advice: to “put two and two together” to come up with an answer. In the study, 64 subjects were divided into two groups. The first group performed a RAT while joining halves of cut paper cards together. The second group performed a similar task, but only had to move card halves from one side of a desk to the other side. Those uniting the two halves of the cards did far better on the RAT than those that were merely moving the cards from one pile to another.
So, acting out metaphors linked to creativity really can help us think creatively.
IIl. Compose an essay. (60 points)
People are more and more concerned about the environment. Write a 300-word
expository essay stating your opinion about what we can do as individuals to improve our environment.
How to improve our environment
Nowadays, environment problems are are becoming more and more influential to our daily lives than only appearing in newspapers and TVs, lectures or reports. For instance, in the last winter, foggy days with the so called caused a panic among citizens. People were afraid of the polluted air and chose to stay at home instead of going out.
Protecting the environment is really an extremely urgent thing. As we all know, low carbon life was proposed in recent years and I think it would be a reasonable way to solve our environment crisis.
We can figure out what benefits can be gained when we transfer this conception into a real existence, a low carbon campus. This simple shift of perspective can actually transform what used to be quite far away into something that is just around us.
Take the use of electronic devices for example, when we choose to climb the stairs instead of using an elevator, when we prefer bicycles to cars, we are doing something fantastic for ourselves. Think about these activities as exercises that would not only keep us physically fit, but also spiritually energetic. If we turn off the computer when they are not in use, or even limit the hours we spend in front of them, we are not only saving the electricity, but also doing a favor to our body, preventing ourselves from too much exposure to radiation and other possible harms caused by computer. We can gain at the same tine a healthy and pain-free neck, and avoid sore muscles, worsening eyesight and so on. When we use natural wind, rather than fans or air conditioner to feel cool in summer, we are also reducing the possibilities of all the illness related to the electronic devices.
What we eat can also contribute to the establishment of a low carbon campus. More
vegetables and less meat mean that less carbon will be emitted in the process of producing and preparing for such foods. And this can also translate to a more balanced diet and healthier eating habits. Then many problems, such as overweight, tiredness or even high blood pressure and heart disease can be controlled to a certain extent when we get older. And this good eating habit actually benefits us for a life time, and what starts at campus goes a long way.
From the above analysis, we can get the basic idea that when we are doing something to reduce the carbon campus, but at the same time, we are make positive changes for oueselves.
Obviously,the press is an important means of communication and is still a popular form of communicating read newspapers everywhere,in the office,at home,on the train,even in the toilet and so coming of TV gives a shock to the changes many things in people's daily life.
Nowadays TV is so popular that nearly every family has got a TV set in can watch and hear TV progams at the same programs are full of variety and viewers can enjoy news reports,plays,films,musical performances,sports,interviews with prominent people and many other TV attracts many people from the cinema,the radio and newspapers.
On the other hand,people can time and again hear criticism of TV has got too much violence and gunplay,which affects young people and even too much TV will make people exhausted,lazy and stupid,and also waste a lot of valuable time.
【题目】
Directions：
Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to
1) accept the invitation, and
2) introduce the key points of your presentation
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Don’t use your own name, use “LiMing” instead.
Don’t write your address. (10 points)
【参考范文】
Dear Professor Williams,
I felt much honored when I received your invitation to give a presentation about Chinese culture to the international students of your college. I would much like to do this job. So I am writing to tell you something about the presentation to be given.
The focus of my presentation will be Chinese traditional festivals, such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-autumn Day. In the speech, I will introduce the origin and conventions of these festivals. For example, the Mid-Autumn Day, falling on the 15th of August in the Chinese lunar calendar, is a traditional Chinese holiday for family members and loved ones to gather together. In addition to enjoying the glorious full moon on this day, Chinese people will also eat festival-moon cakes, recite ancient Chinese poems as well as guess lantern riddles. I believe these knowledge will help the foreign students obtain a deeper understanding of Chinese culture.
I am really looking forward to sharing these with all of the international students.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
There is an old saying: where there is a will,there is a tells us that a strong will is the most essential quality that anyone who wants to achieve can contribute a lot to one’s success.
Although “All roads lead to Rome”,none of them is completely life is filled with obstacles which may make us feel so hopeless that we may choose to give the crucial moment,strong will helps a a matter of fact,the ability to work through difficult situation and unfortunate events with strong will can make one stronger and more other words,if we want to realize life’s goal,we must keep forging ahead with strong consciousness.
From what has been discussed above,we can see that the establishment of tough determination is of great importance to a strong will,including our knowledge,we will be able to deal with any situation in our we do,as long as we stick to and do not give up easily,we will realize the goal at last.
How are you doing? I am Li Hua,a 17-year-old teenager,who is crazy aboutdifferent cultures around the learned in your officialwebsite that a volunteer is needed for an exhibition of Chinese traditionalpainting in I am writing to apply for this position.
Here are three main reasons why I am the best choice for andforemost,having lived in London for half a year before as an exchange student,I am undoubtedly good at EnglIsh; as a result,it is a piece of cake for me tointroduce everything to international learned Chinesepainting for more than ten years in my childhood; therefore,I do know a lotabout this great art but certainly not least,as vice monitor of ourclass,I am kind,patient and always ready to help others.
Hopefully,this wonderful chance would be offered to have theconfidnece that I will have a great forward to your reply.
2004年上半年自考英语（二）试卷评析
2004年上半年全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）已于4月18日举行，目前主观题的阅卷工作已基本完成。为了帮助广大考生了解此次考试的试卷及答题情况，笔者对此次考试的'试卷进行了全面的评析，并对随意抽取的448份试卷的主观题答题情况作了统计分析和错误分析，希望能给自考考生提供一个有益的参考。
一． 总体试卷评析
本次英语（二）的试卷在题型和分值上和以往试卷一样，客观题和主观题各占50分，但每道题的考点和难度有了一些变化，以下是每道题的具体考点。
第一大题：词汇和结构（10分）
1． 介词词组填介词：in conclusion
2． 名词做定语：shoe store
3． 介词词组填名词：with a view to
4． 动词词组：take in
5． 形容词词义辨别：vacant
6． 非限制性定语从句：the language of which
7． 连词引导并列句：and
8． 副词词义辨析：approximately
9． 连词引导让步状语从句：Even if
10． 固定搭配：in that
The earth is round, which is well known to all.
All, some, any, something, anything, none,
All _that__ I want to say is “Thank you”.
The only/ first book that interested me is this one.
The man (_whose__ story is very interesting) is my father.
The man who just talked to you is my father.
Music was played out of doors, ____ the environment provided a place.
Which, that, in which, where
I can’t understand the way _in which__
the problem is solved.
I can’t tell you the reason _why__ this happened.
The reason is _that__ he failed the exam.
(That_ the earth is round) is well known.
I think _that__ the earth is round.
_Whether__ there is life on Mars is not yet known.
Look at the book ___ there are many pictures.
Look at the book ___
there is a pen on the book.
_what__ happened is this.
1. _What__ I like to do is try again.
2. The fact __that__ there is no money left) frightened him.
3. I would like to do (_whatever__ you told me to do. What whatever
4. I will give the book to (whoever__ comes first.
5. This is all that (you have told me).
6. The question (__whether__ this is right) is difficult to answer.
7. Can you tell me the direction (_from which_ the wind comes?
8. Can you tell me the direction (which/ that___ is opposite to your house.
9. I happen to know the man, ____ daughters is my classmate.
1) his 2) whose 3) one of his 4) one of whose
10. I bought many books, ___ are interesting.
1) a few of them 2) a few of which
2) none of which 4) a few
1) He has never won a game, as his brother did=won a game.
2) He has never won a game, as everybody expected
评析：第2、6、7、9题为语法题，占40%；其余的题为词汇题，主要考察词组搭配和词义辨析。虽然句子均与课文无关，但所涉及语法和词汇都在课文中学过。
1) 原因状语从句 because, since, as, for
2) 让步
3) 方式 as,
4) 时间 before, after, while, when, as, since, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than…whenever, until
I will wait for you _until_ ten o’clock.
I _won’t__ leave until ten o’clock.
I didn’t realize the importance until I have grown up.
It was not until I have grown up that I realized the importance.
otherwise , and, but
You should lock the door; otherwise the thieves may get in.
Unless I won’t go with you unless you promised me this.
5) 目的 so that, in order that
6) 结果
南京师范大学编
江苏省高等教育自学考试委员会办公室
Ⅰ 课程性质与课程目标
一、课程性质和特点
《英语应用文写作》课程介绍了以书信为主的英语应用文的结构和特点，提供各类应用文的常用句型与表达方式，并通过实例说明每种写作原则与注意事项，帮助学生学习多种商务信函的写作，包括建立商业关系、询价、投诉及理赔、推销信、致谢信、邀请信、求职信、个人简历、便函、会议记录、报告等。课程还通过丰富的练习，帮助学生全面提高英语应用文写作能力与英语语言沟通技巧。
二、课程目标（评价目标）
通过英语应用文写作课程的学习，学生能够熟练使用基本的应用文写作方法和技巧，能独立撰写意思清晰，用词恰当，条理清楚、符合国际标准的各类英语应用文。
英语应用文写作课程设置的目标是使得考生能够： 1、熟悉并学会使用英语应用文常用词汇和语句；
2、了解并熟悉国际标准的英语应用文，特别是商业书信和其它文件格式和通行规范；
3、掌握在涉外商务和其它国际交往中必备的书面表达技能技巧； 4、拓宽有关涉外业务的文化知识与英语语言知识。
三、与相关课程的联系与区别
本课程可以帮助学生掌握英语应用文写作的要求以及常用表达文本格式，辨别英语应用文在语言文体上的特点，从而更好地掌握英语语言。 英语应用文写
作课程的先修课程是基础英语、英语写作、英语阅读、英语口语等。本课程所学基本词汇和基本句型与基础英语、英语写作、英语阅读、英语口语的基本词汇和基本句型相互渗透，相辅相成。通过学习本课程，学生的实际语言运用能力能够得到提高，且能为后续的专业课程的学习打好基础。
四、课程的重点和难点
见课程内容与考核要求。
Ⅱ 考核目标
本大纲在考核目标中，按照识记、领会、应用三个层次规定其应达到的能力层次要求。三个能力层次是递进关系，各能力层次的含义是：
1、识记：能知道有关的名词、概念、知识的含义，并能正确认识和表述，是低层次的要求。
2、领会：在识记的基础上，能全面把握基本概念、基本原理、基本方法，能掌握有关概念、原理、方法的区别与联系，是较高层次的要求。
3、应用：在理解的基础上，能运用基本概念、基本原理、基本方法联系学过的多个知识点分析和解决有关的理论问题和实际问题，是最高层次的要求。
Ⅲ 课程内容与考核要求
第一单元 商务英语写作规范 Unit 1 BUSINESS STYLE
一、学习目的与要求
本单元主要讲述英语应用文中最重要的部分商务英语写作的基本概念，商务英文写作的文体风格，语言特点。要求学生掌握应用文，特别是商务英语写作所要求的“5 C”基本原则，即Clarity清楚, Conciseness简洁, Correctness正确, Concreteness具体, 和Courtesy礼貌。同时，还要求学生了解商务英语写作的组织步骤。
二、课程内容（考试内容）
1. 5Cs’Principle of Business Writing
Clarity Conciseness
Correctness Concreteness Courtesy
2． Organization of Business Letter
Introduction Body Closing
三、考核知识点与考核要求 识记：5C原则
clarity（清晰性）conciseness（简洁性）correctness（正确性） concreteness（具体性）courtesy（礼貌性） 应用：5C原则指导下的商务英语写作 四、本章关键问题
商务英语写作的基本要求。
第二单元 信函格式 Unit 2 LETTER FORMAT
一、学习目的与要求
本单元主要介绍商务信函的组成要素、格式、写作要求和英文信封的写法以及打印方式。要求学生能够：
1．掌握商务信函的组成部分及格式与布局。 2．掌握不同格式下商务信函各组成部分的位置。
3．掌握商务信函中日期、地址、称呼、结尾敬语的写法。 4．熟悉商务信函的撰写与普通信函的异同。 5．掌握英文商务书信信封的写法。 二、课程内容
Structure of a Business Letter 商务书信结构
Letterhead, Date, Inside Name and Address, Attention Line, Salutation, Subject line, Body, Complimentary Closing, Signature, Reference, Enclosure, Carbon Copy.
2. The Layout of a Business Letter 商务书信格式
Full-Block, Blocked, Semi-Blocked, Simplified. 3. Addressing an Envelope 信封写法
三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记：英文商务书信格式和组成部分。
应用：书写格式正确完整的英文商务书信，以及信封。 四、本章关键问题
英文商务书信格式和组成部分。
第三单元 建立商业关系
Unit 3 ESTABLISHING BUSINESS RELATIONS
一、学习目的与要求
了解写作建立商业关系信函的目的，了解建立商业关系的几种常用途径。掌握建立贸易关系信函的写法、相关术语和表达以及一些常用语句。掌握公司介绍的方法。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Purpose of establishing business relations Company Introduction a) Opening b) Body c) Closing 3. Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions: 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： ① 什么是商务贸易关系，建立商贸关系的重要性；
② 建立商贸关系信函的写法； ③ 如何进行公司介绍。
应用： 写作建立商务贸易关系的信函。 四、本章关键问题
如何写好建立商务关系的信函，如何介绍公司单位。
2．Structure of the letter of establishing business relations
第四单元 询问信函 Unit 4 REQUEST LETTERS
一、学习目的与要求
了解询问求助信函的写作目的，掌握写作技巧和策略，写作询问求助信函常用语以及回复函的写法。能够以买家或求助者的角色写询问信函，寻求各种信息或帮助。掌握有关询问商品价格及答复的各种商业术语和表达方法。 二、课程内容 1．Introduction
Inquiry
Inquiry Reply
2．Structure
a) Opening b) Body c) Closing 3. Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记：询问信的写作目的和要素。要求出口商报价和回复报价的常用术语。 应用：根据要求，写出格式正确，信息完整，语言清晰简洁的询价信函和回复函。 四、本章关键问题
询问信及询价信函的写作目的和要素及常用术语。
第五单元 报盘与还盘信函
Unit 5 QUOTATION, OFFER AND COUNTER-OFFER
一、学习目的与要求
了解国际商业贸易中有关商品报价实盘和虚盘的区别，报盘的组成部分，报盘的各种条款。掌握对外贸易信函中报盘的相关表达方法，常用术语。 二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Quotation and Offer
Firm Offer and Non-firm Offer Counter-Offer 2．Structure
a) Opening
b) Body c) Closing 3. Terms and Conditions
a) Terms of price b) Terms of payment
4．Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions: 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： 报价Quotation, 实盘Firm Offer, 虚盘Non-firm Offer, 返盘Counter-Offer, 报价条款 Terms and Conditions (FOB, CIF, C&F, L/C, etc.) 应用： 根据要求，写出格式正确，信息完整，语言清晰简洁的报价、报盘和返盘等国际贸易信函。 四、本章关键问题
报价Quotation, 实盘Firm Offer, 虚盘Non-firm Offer, 返盘Counter-Offer, 报价条款。
第六单元 订购与合同
Unit 6 ORDER AND CONTRACT
一、 学习目的与要求
了解国际贸易中订货信函的主要内容，掌握此类信函的典型句型和常用表达。掌握订单的相关知识和写作方法；了解怎样进行订单、确认订单、取消订单；掌握与订单相关的重点词汇和词句。了解定购合同和销售合同的内容和书写格式，掌握相关的内容及常用的固定搭配及惯用语句。 二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Placing Order Purchasing Order Order Acknowledgement Sales Confirmation 2．Structure
a) Opening b) Body c) Closing
3. Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记：订货信函的主要内容，订单，确认订单以及合同的书写格式，常用语句。 应用：根据要求写出格式正确，信息完整，语言清晰简洁的订货信函、订单、确认订单和合同。 四、本章关键问题
订货信函的主要内容，订单，确认订单以及合同的书写格式。
第七单元 支付与催款
Unit 7 PAYMENT AND COLLECTION LETTERS
一、学习目的与要求
熟悉并掌握不同的付款方式：付款交单、承兑交单、信用证方式付款。 熟练掌握信用证付款方式的有关知识和写作方法。掌握与付款、催款相关的重点词汇和表达方式。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Payment
Remittance 汇付 Collection 托收 Letter of Credit 信用证
Credit Application Letters 信用申请信函 2．Collection Letters 催款函 3. Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 本单元不作为考核内容。 四、本章关键问题
不同的付款方式；信用申请信函的内容与写作方法；催款函的主要内容和写
作方法。
第八单元 投诉、索赔与理算
Unit 8 COMPLAINTS, CLAIMS AND ADJUSTMENTS
一、学习目的与要求
了解投诉、索赔和理赔的前提、内容及方式。掌握投诉、索赔和理赔中的相关术语、语言特征和表达技巧。掌握投诉、索赔和理赔的信函结构，写作方法和英语常用语句。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Complaints 投诉
a) Complaint about delay
b) Complaint about broken merchandise c) Complaint about poor packing d) Complaint about missing goods
2．Claims 索赔
a) Claim about irregularity with order b) Claim about defects in merchandise
3. Adjustments 理赔
a) Granting adjustment b) Grating partial adjustment c) Refusing adjustment
4. Sample Letter Study
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions: 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： ① 投诉的原因、投诉信函的写作目的和写作方法。
② 索赔的原因、索赔信函的写作目的和写作方法。 ③ 理赔的种类与方法，理赔信函的写作要点。
应用：根据要求写出格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、语气适当的投诉、索赔和理赔信函。 四、本章关键问题
投诉、索赔和理赔信函写作的内容及方法。
第九单元 推销信函 Unit 9 SALES LETTERS
一、学习目的与要求
了解推销信函的内容、写作特点以及推销信函写作的基本结构要求。掌握推销信的内涵与功能、语言特征、文本格式、推销信常用语句。 二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Purpose of Sales Letter Four essential elements Follow-up Letter
2．Structure and Writing Suggestions
a) Opening b) Body c) Closing 3. Sample Letter.
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 识记： ①推销信函的类型和功能；
②推销信函的结构特征；
③推销信函的写作技巧和常用语句。
应用：根据要求写出格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、有说服力的推销信函。 四、本章关键问题
推销信函的基本要素和功能，销售信函的写作方法，推销信函常用语句。
第十单元 求职信与求职简历
Unit 10 JOB APPLICATION AND RESUME
一、学习目的与要求
了解写作求职信和求职简历的主要内容、格式规范等基本要求，掌握求职信和求职简历以及与求职相关的信函写作方法，信函结构和语言特征，掌握英文求
职信函常用语句。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Application Letters
What is a good application letter?
a) Attract the reader’s attention
b) Interest the reader in you as a prospective employee. c) Make the reader want to hire you d) Lead to a personal interview
Writing Suggestions Sample Letters 2．Resume
Formats and Contents Samples
3. Letters of Reference and Recommendation 4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： ①求职信的写作目的与主要内容；
②求职简历的内容构成和常见格式； ③求职信函常用语句。
应用： ①写作语法正确，格式规范的个人简历；
②写作格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、有说服力的求职信函。
四、本章关键问题
求职信的写作目的与主要内容，求职简历的内容构成和常见格式。
第十一单元 社交信
Unit 11 SOCIAL BUSINESS LETTERS
一、学习目的与要
了解常用社交信函的写作目的和类型，社交信函的功能以及基本要求。了解致谢信、祝贺信、邀请信、请柬、公告、慰问信等的写作方法。掌握商务社交信
函的范畴、语言特征、文本格式、国际通行的社交惯例、常用社交信函用语。 二、课程内容
1. Letter of Thanks （致谢信） Writing Suggestions
Sample Letter
2. Letter of Congratulations （祝贺信）
Writing Suggestions Sample Letter
3. Invitations （邀请信、请柬） Formal Invitation Informal Invitation 4. Announcements （公告）
5. Letter of Condolence or Sympathy （吊唁或慰问信）
Writing Suggestions Sample Letter
6. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 识记： ①致谢信；
②祝贺信； ③邀请信和请柬； ④社交信函常用语句。
应用： 根据要求写出格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、语气适当，体现社交礼仪的商务社交信函（致谢信、祝贺信、邀请信和请柬）。 四、本章关键问题
商务社交信函的类型与功能，各种社交信函的写法，语言特征，格式规范。
第十二单元 备忘录和会议记录 Unit 12 MEMOS AND MINUTES
一、学习目的与要求
了解备忘录或便函，会议记录的功能，了解其内涵、特点、要素、使用范围。掌握备忘录和会议记录的规范格式和写作基本要求，掌握备忘录和会议记录的写作方法。 二、课程内容
1．Interoffice Memos 备忘录 (便函)
The Purpose of Writing a Memo Memo Format Organization of Memo Sample Memos Writing Suggestions 2．Minutes 会议记录
Writing Suggestions Sample Minutes 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： ①备忘录的格式，组成部分，语言特点；
②会议记录的格式和构成部分； ③备忘录与会议记录常用语。
应用：写作格式规范、语言简洁、内容完整的备忘录和会议记录。 四、本单元关键问题
备忘录或商务便函和会议记录的功能、特点、要素、使用范围、文本格式和写作方法。
第十三单元 报告
Unit 13 BUSINESS REPORTS
一、学习目的与要求
了解商业报告的特点，了解商务报告的不同类型和结构，区分信息式报告和分析式报告，了解正式报告和非正式报告的构成要素及其差别。掌握商业报告写作的方法和基本结构要求，掌握英文商务报告常用语句。
二、课程内容
1．The Parts of a Report 报告的组成部分
Memo or letter of transmission Table of contents
List of tables and illustration Acknowledgements Summary Body of the report Recommendations Appendixes
2．Kinds of Report 报告的类型
Informational report Analytical report
3. Formats of Reports 报告的格式
Report in memo form Report in letter form Short informal report Long formal report
4. Writing Suggestions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 本单元不作为考核内容。 四、本章关键问题
商务报告的主要类型和文本特征。
Ⅳ 关于大纲的说明与考核实施要求
一、自学考试大纲的目的和作用
课程自学考试大纲是根据专业自学考试计划的要求，结合自学考试的特点而确定。其目的是对个人自学、社会助学和课程考试命题进行指导和规定。
课程自学考试大纲明确了课程学习的内容以及深广度，规定了课程自学考试的范围和标准。因此，它是编写自学考试教材和辅导书的依据，是社会助学组织
进行自学辅导的依据，是自学者学习教材、掌握课程内容知识范围和程度的依据，也是进行自学考试命题的依据。
二、课程自学考试大纲与教材的关系
课程自学考试大纲是进行学习和考核的依据，教材是学习掌握课程知识的基本内容与范围，教材的内容是大纲所规定的课程知识和内容的扩展与发挥。课程内容在教材中可以体现一定的深度或难度，但在大纲中对考核的要求一定要适当。
大纲与教材所体现的课程内容应基本一致；大纲里面的课程内容和考核知识点，教材里一般也要有。反过来教材里有的内容，大纲里就不一定体现。（注：如果教材是推荐选用的，其中有的内容与大纲要求不一致的地方，应以大纲规定为准。）
三、关于自学教材
《新编商务英语写作教程》，王晓英、杨靖主编，东南大学出版社，版。
四、关于自学要求和自学方法的指导
本大纲的课程基本要求是依据专业考试计划和专业培养目标而确定的。课程基本要求还明确了课程的基本内容，以及对基本内容掌握的程度。基本要求中的知识点构成了课程内容的主体部分。因此，课程基本内容掌握程度、课程考核知识点是高等教育自学考试考核的主要内容。
为有效地指导个人自学和社会助学，本大纲已指明了课程的重点和难点，在章节的基本要求中一般也指明了章节内容的重点和难点。
四、自学方法指导
1、在开始阅读指定教材某一单元之前，先翻阅大纲中有关这一单元的考核知识点及对知识点的能力层次要求和考核目标，以便在阅读教材时做到心中有数，有的放矢。
2、阅读教材时，要逐段细读，逐句推敲，集中精力，吃透每一个知识点，对基本概念必须深刻理解，对基本理论必须彻底弄清，对基本方法必须牢固掌握。 3、在自学过程中，既要思考问题，也要做好阅读笔记，把教材中的基本概念、原理、方法等加以整理，这可从中加深对问题的认知、理解和记忆，以利于突出
重点，并涵盖整个内容，可以不断提高自学能力。
4、完成书后作业和适当的辅导练习是理解、消化和巩固所学知识，培养分析问题、解决问题及提高能力的重要环节，在做练习之前，应认真阅读教材，按考核目标所要求的不同层次，掌握教材内容，在练习过程中对所学知识进行合理的.回顾与发挥，注重理论联系实际和具体问题具体分析，解题时应注意培养逻辑性，
针对问题围绕相关知识点进行层次（步骤）分明的论述或推导，明确各层次（步骤）间的逻辑关系。 五、应考指导
1. 如何学习
一：Sentence development 句子写作。
1） You always remain a victim
You will always remain a victim ,not only of some popular books ,but also of some people concerned.
2) Such an attitude would emphasize the value of life.
Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the value of life.
3)”Happy Christmas “he said.
“Happy Christmas “he said, smiling and picking out two flowers.
4)The piano player began to sing loudly.
The piano player began to sing loudly ,beating the keys with magic hands ,and nodding his head in rhythm.
5)I was very embarrassed .
I didn’t know what I should do.
I was very embarrassed ;I didn’t know what I should do.
6)Today at school Mr Moore brought in his pet rabbit.
He showed it to the class.
Today at school Mr Moore brought in his pet rabbit ,and he showed it to the class.
7)He is very busy preparing IELTS.
He has no time to play.
He is very busy preparing IELTS; therefore , He has no time to play.
8)The judge had a hard time deciding___________________.
The judge had a hard time deciding where painting was the best.
9)The house ____is still standing.
The house which Abraham Lincoln was born is still standing.
10)My presentation seemed to go well.
My presentation seemed to go well although I was feeling really nervous.
二，Short answers。简答题
1 What are the paragraph qualities?
Unity and coherence
2How many parts is an article usually composed of? What are they?
Three parts: introduction ,body and conclusion.
3How many forms can articles be roughly divided into？what are they?
Four forms :description ,narration ,argumentation and exposition.
4How many parts does a science and technology paper consist of? What are they?
Seven parts: title and authors name ,summary, contents ,text, acknowledgements, references, biographty.
5What are the characteristics of good writings?
Good thinking,to the point ,revisions, appropriate ,style for the purpose ,clear organization,
effective use of expressions reader oriented, simple and short, precise.
6What are the key features of a research paper?
A :It is based on extensive research of proven facts and authoritative testimony .
B:The author’s voice tends to be objective and neutral.
C:The style tends to be formal.
三 Science and technology writing in English .科技英语写作。
1 Write out definitions of the subjects given below , using the notes provided next to each subjects.
Biology is the scientific study of the natural processes of living things.(Biology may be defined as the science which natural processes of living things.)
Chemistry may be defined as a branch of science which deals with the basic characteristics of substances and the different ways in which they react or or combine with other substances.
Anthropology may be defined as the branch of seience which studies the human race ,its culture and society and its physical development.
Home Economics is the study of household management .It is largely concerned with learning how to deal with problems and challenges of homemarking.
Electrical and electronic engineering is a discipline which is enjoying a period of exciting and dynamic growth , Its findings are being applied with increasing frequency and effectiveness in households, medicine ,industry ,public services and business. Its great impact on modern life is likely to become even more dramatic in the near future.
4Revise or rewrite the following definitions below to make them more appropriate .You may consult a dictionary.
A school is a place where people, especially young people ,are educated.
An astronomer is a scientist who studies the universe as a whole and the objects which exist naturally in space ,such as the sun ,the moon ,planets and stars.
A degree is an academic qualification which is given by a college or university to a student who has completed a course of study.
A computer is an electronic machine which can solve mathematical problems at very high speeds.. It is nowadays mainly used for storing and recalling information ,and for controlling other machines .It has brought about great convenience and high efficiency ,thus releasing a vast number of manhours to be used in other efforts.
Sport is a game ,competition or activity which can be generally divided into the following broad categories:track and field ,ballgame ,gymnastics .Track and field events can be further divided
into such activities an jumping ,throwing ,running and walking.
3(1)IE:Sentences 1—3
IE2:Sentences 4—7
IE3：Sentences 8—9
IE4：Sentences10—12
IE5：Sentences 13
(2) The part of literature review is the longest since it includes specific information about different studies.
the cartoon is simple but thought-provoking. as is vividly shown in the picture, there are two passengers sitting in a bus. one of them is a male, who is sitting cross-legged and smoking. the whole bus is filled with the black smoke. while the other one is a female, who is sitting in front of the man and covering her nose with a tissue to prevent the harm of the secondhand smoke. there is no doubt that the picture implies that the secondhand smoke exists everywhere and it is hazardous.
this phenomenon has an undesirable impact on our daily life. firstly, it does harm to and sacrifices our physical and mental health. what’s worse, it is the main cause of lung cancer and about 10% people die of it every year. in addition, our environment and ecosystem will be severely polluted and thus it hinders our sustainable and scientific development. were the situation to continue, we would pay a high price.
accordingly, it is imperative for us to take drastic and effective measures to control this situation. firstly, we should appeal to the government to make strict laws and regulations to ban smoking in public places. as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to stop smoking and protect our living environment. only in this way can we have opportunities to expect a beautiful world and a bright future to come.
一、定方向，重积累
所谓的定方向，是指对大纲进行深入透析。虽然参加考试的是岁岁年年人不同，但大纲却是年年岁岁花相似。因为国家统一考试要保持一定的连贯性，因此，大纲的变化只能是循序渐进的，一般情况下大纲不会是上一年大纲内容的根本性颠覆，只是内容上略有增减。因此刚开始对最近年份大纲的把握，可以把复习这引进基本框架中。
?全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语)考试大纲》对于b节短文写作的规定如下：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。总分20分。
在写作时，大纲要求考生能够写一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。写作时，考生能够：
1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确， 用词恰当;
2)遵循文章的特定文体格式;
3)合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯;
4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。
看过大纲之后，我们明白，写作考试要在40分钟内要我们在200字左右篇幅内考查学生以下基本语言技能：描述、叙述、说明、和评论。因此，我们就要平时去锻炼这些技能。
语言学理论告诉我们，因为作文是一项输出(output)工作，根据语言学理论，输出是一项高级的语言活动，它建立在大量的输入(input)的基础之上。输入的缺乏必然导致输出的力不从心。我这里的重积累，指得不仅是词汇、句法、语篇等语言本身的积累，还包括思维方式、思想、以及事例的积累。综合历年题目(见表一)，图画作文已经成为主流。而且大多涉及为公众所熟悉的社会话题。因此，我们要积累的第一步就是图画到社会话题之间的思维提炼。英文原版报纸和网站的、以及国内权威英文网站上的评论文章，都可能成为我们积累的素材。在这个过程中，我们还要注意，英文行文特点和汉语行文特点的区别。但是，要提到的是这种积累并不是泛泛阅读能够实现的，需要我们有意识的选那些和考试风格接近的文章精确分析和记忆，而其中的词汇和句式，我们都可以拿出来，记忆并且应用。
dear sir or madam,
not only do i have the qualifications for this job, but i also have the right personality for a __________ (工作名称). in the one hand,_______________________________ (第一个原因). on the other hand, __________________________________ (另一个原因).
should you grant me a personal interview, i would be most grateful. if you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at _______________ (电话号码)
thank you for considering my application, and i am looking forward to meeting you.
yours sincerely
li ming
Directions: Write an English compositionin 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.
上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展，现就展出场所〔博物馆还是社区图书馆〕征集公众意见，假设你是王敏，给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须满足以下要求：
1.简述你写信的目的及你对场所的选择;
2.说明你的理由〔从便利性，专业性等方面对这两个场所进行对比〕
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