For exports, we usually adopt irrevocable Letter of Credit available by sellers’ documentary drafts at sight.
对于出口货款，我们通常采用卖方出具的以即期跟单汇票支付的、不可撤消的信用证支付。
Please open the relative L/C in our favour.
请开立以我方为受益人的有关信用证。
You are requested to extend the date of shipment and the validity of the L/C to June 30 and July 15 respectively.
要求贵方将装运期和信用证有效期分别展至六月三十日和七月十五日。
The best we can do is to request you to amend the L/C according to the stipulations in the contract No. SN-1065.
我们只能要求你方根据第SN-1065号合同规定修改信用证。
We have not received your amendment to the L/C up to date.
至今我们还没有收到你方信用证的修改书。
The unit price has been amended to read (reading) US$ per piece instead of existing.
单价已修改为每个美元而不是原来的单价。
The draft should be drawn under “the documentary credit No. 558/270557 of Midland Bank plc”.
汇票必须按照Midland银行开立的558/270557号信用证开立。
Drafts drawn and negotiated in conformity with the terms of this credit will be honoured on presentation.
一俟提示符合于本信用证规定条款所开立并进行议付的汇票即予兑现。
PACKING 包装
We’ll reinforce them with iron straps.
我们用铁皮带加固。
We’ll pack the goods 10 dozen to a carton, gross weight around 20 kilos a carton.
这种货10打装一箱，每箱毛重约20公斤。
Packing should be suitable for transport by sea.
包装要适合于 海运 。
Packing in sturdy wooden cases is essential. Cases must be nailed, battened and secured by overall metal strapping.
必须用坚实的木箱包装，装箱必须用铁钉钉好，用木版钉住，用一根铁皮钉牢。
The outer packing should be strong enough for transportation. As to the inner packing, it must be attractive and helpful to the sales.
外包装应当坚实牢固，适于运输，至于内包装必须能吸引人，且有助于销售。
We usually pack each piece of men’s shirt in a polybag, half dozen to a box and ten dozen to a wooden case.
我们通常把每一件男衬衣装入塑料袋内，半打装一盒，10打装一箱。
The cover shall be limited to sixty days upon discharge of the insured goods from the seagoing vessel at the final port of discharge.
被保险货物在卸货港卸离海轮后，保险责任以60天为限。
We generally insure . on . sales.
按到岸价交易，我们一般保水渍险。
The additional premium is for the buyer’s account.
增加的费用由买方负担。
We adopt the warehouse to warehouse clause which is commonly used in international insurance.
我们采用国际保险中惯用的“仓对仓”的责任条款。
We cover insurance on the 100 tons of wool.
我们为这100吨羊毛办理保险。
We cannot comply with your request for insuring your order for 130% of its invoice value.
我们不能为你方订货办理按发票金额130%的保险。
This kind of additional risk is coverable at 2‰.
这种附加险的保险费是千分之二。
This risk is coverable at a premium of …%.
这个险别是按。。。%的保险费率投保。
Please cover us on (cover for us) the goods detailed below:…
请对下述货物保险：
Insurance on the goods shall be covered by us for 110% of the CIF value, and any extra premium for additional coverage, if required, shall be borne by the buyers.
将由我方按照到岸价的发票金额110%办理该货的保险，如果需要，额外增加保险的费用将由买方承担。
Since the L/C has been amended as required and everything is now in order, we hope you will ship our order as early as possible.
信用证已按要求修改，现在一切已就绪，望尽早将我方订货装船。
Our customer requests the shipment to be made in five equal lots, each every three months.
我们的客户要求按相等数量分5批装船，每3个月装一船。
We have arranged shipment with freight to be collected at destination.
我们已按运费到付安排装船。
*COLLECT FREIGTH AT DES TINATION 在目的港收运费。
We ask you to do everything possible to ensure punctual shipment.
我们请求贵方应尽一切努力，保证按时装运。
We have shipped your order goods by M/S “Good Luck”, today.
贵方所订购的货物，今天已由好运船运公司装运。
Full set of clean on board ocean Bills of Lading is to be issued to order and blank endorsed and marked “Freight Prepaid”.
开立全套清洁的已装船的 海运 提单，空白抬头，空白背书，并标明“运费预付”。
The consignment has gone forward on s/s “Yantai”.
这批货已由“烟台”号轮装出。
With reference to the 600 sets of Sewing Machines under our Sales Confirmation No. 412, we wish to call your attention to the fact that the date of shipment is approaching, but we still have not received your covering Letter of Credit to date.
关于我方第412号售货确认书项下的600架缝纫机，请注意交货期日益迫切，但至今我们仍未收到你方有关信用证。
Please advise (inform) us (of) the name of steamer.
请通知我们船名。
We are very sorry to inform you that your last shipment is not up to your usual standard.
贵方运到的最后一船产品不符合原来标准，特此奉告。
We shall appreciate your prompt attention to the adjustment of this claim.
就。。。。。。，敬请迅速处理。
We would like to submit this claim to arbitration.
本公司要将索赔一事提出仲裁。
If the cargoes cannot be found within a few days, we will file our claim for the full settlement of them.
若数日内货物不能运到，我们就提出全额清偿索赔。
A claim for damage will be filed on us together with your surveyor’s report as evidence.
具体索赔要求，将随同公证行的检验报告一起提交我方。
However, the B/L shows that when the shipping company received the goods, they were in apparent good condition. The liability is certainly not on our side.
但货运提单显示船公司收到货时，货物外表良好。因此，该损害我方并无责任。
Since this claim was filed two months after their arrival at your port, we regret that it cannot be accepted.
你方于该货抵达你港二个月以后，才提出上项索赔，故我方歉难受理。
This consignment is not up to the standard stipulated in the contract. We are now lodging a claim with you.
这批货的质量低于合同规定的标准，现向你方提出索赔。
We regret very much that you shipped bulk goods not corresponding in quality with the sample.
你们运来的这批货与样品的质量不相符，我们深感遗憾。
One of the cases was badly smashed and the contents were seriously damaged.
其中的一个箱子散架了，里面的东西严重损坏。
We regret that the damages are chiefly due to poor packing which is not adequately reinforced.
很抱歉，损坏主要是由于没有很好加固、包装极差造成的。
There is a difference of 35 tons between the actual landed weight and the invoiced weight of this consignment.
这批货的实际重量和发票上的重量相差35吨。
It is natural that you should be responsible for all the losses resulting from the delay shipment.
当然，你方应对延误装运造成的一切损失负责。
According to the surveyor’s report, the damage was due to rough (careless) handling during transit.
根据检查员报告，损坏是由于运输中操作不小心造成的。
Please check the matter up and let us have your instruction on the disposition of the incorrect shipment very soon.
请核实此事，并尽快通知我们处理误送货物的指示。
We hold the goods at your disposition.
我们保留货物等候你们处置。
The case was broken and its contents were damaged.
箱子破裂，内装货物受损。
These errors on your part cause us to disappoint our important customers.
你方的这些差错导致我方使一些重要的客户失望。
On examination we found that the goods do not agree with the original sample.
经过检查，我们发现货物与原样品不一致。
When unpacking the case, we found the colour unsatisfactory.
开箱后，我方发现颜色不令人满意。
We find that the quality of your shipment is not in conformity with the agreed specification.
我们发现你方来货的质量与所协定的规格不完全一致。
Upon examination, we found you have sent us the wrong goods.
通过检查，我们发现你方发错了货。
We will make up the deficiency in weight in our next shipment.
我们将在下期装运时补上短缺的重量。
This is the maximum concession we can afford. Should you not agree to accept our proposal, we would like to settle by arbitration.
这是我们所作的最后让步。如果你方不同意接受我们的建议，我们想通过仲裁来解决。
In view of our friendly business relations, we are prepared to meet your claim for the 35 tons shortweight.
考虑到我们之间的业务关系，我们准备赔偿35吨短重。
【关键词】外贸英语函电；国际贸易；作用
随着经济和信息技术的快速发展，外贸英语函电已成为国际贸易中不可缺少的部分，它不仅改变了企业本身的生产，经营，管理，而且对传统的贸易方式带来冲击。其最明显的标志就是增加了贸易机会，降低企业成本，提高贸易效率。所以商务英语函电在经济全球化和全球信息化过程中得到迅猛发展，而其本身的发展又极大地推动了对外贸易的发展。
一、概述
1.国际贸易。国际贸易（International Trade）是指不同国家（和/或地区）之间的商品和劳务的交换活动。国际贸易是商品和劳务的国际转移。国际贸易也叫世界贸易。国际贸易由进口贸易（Import Trade）和出口贸易（Export Trade）两部分组成，故有时也称为进出口贸易。国际贸易不但可以把发达国家互相联系起来，也可以把生产发展水平低的国家以及地区加入到交换领域，使这些国家和民族的劳动产品日益具有商品以及交换价值的性质，带动他们的发展。进行对外贸易活动就可以参与国际分工，节约社会劳动，使各国的资源得到最充分的利用，加速社会扩大再生产，保证社会再生产顺利进行。按照货物移动方向可以分为进口贸易、出口贸易、净出口与净进口贸易等；按照运输方式可以分为陆运贸易、空运贸易、海运贸易等；按照交易对象可以分为直接贸易、间接贸易与转口贸易。
2.外贸英语函电。外贸英语函电是对外贸易中交流的主要途径之一。是以英语为载体而进行的函电往来，主要应用电报、电传、信函、传真、电子邮件等通讯方式。商务英语函电包括：商洽函、询问函、答复函、请求函、告知函、联系函。它是公司之间联系顾客的工具，在对外贸易中发挥着沟通买卖双方的媒介作用；它涉及的业务包括建立业务关系、询盘、发盘、还盘、接受、执行订单、装运、保险、付款、索赔等。商务函电的公函，其写作格式有多种风格，有专业式、简洁式和庄重式。格式自由化主要体现在信头、呼语和信内地址等方面。贸易双方业务联系越来越多，彼此间的了解与沟通日益深入，这也是函电存在的原因。
二、外贸英语函电在国际贸易中作用
国际贸易越来越依赖于单据交换的过程，外贸函电的中心化作用也日渐明显。随着世界经济一体化进程的加快，经济全球化的特征日益明显，国际贸易的步伐更加紧密。网络化进程的加快，使得信息的传递更加便捷，网络的身影已经遍布社会的每一个角落。商务英语函电，作为国际贸易交流的主要方式，几乎完全替代了普通信函，使得普通信函逐渐退出了国际贸易的舞台。外贸英语函电具有快捷性、简单性、方便性已经被人们所熟知。外贸英语函电在很大程度上减少人力、物力的耗费提高工作效率。从本质上看，外贸英语函电就是省时省力省成本地传递信函。在新的经济形势下，几乎所有的对外贸易都可以在网上轻轻松松地操作。在电子商务飞速发展的今天，网络国际贸易的效率越来越高，国际贸易的电子化、网络化的进程越来越快。加入世界贸易组织，奥运会的成功申办，金融危机中的国际态度，使得我国更加被世人所熟知，拉近了我们与其他国家的距离。我国的对外贸易也更加繁荣，国际经济交往日益频繁，经济与技术合作更加紧密。在对外贸易过程中，商务英语函电记录了企业与合作方联系的各个环节。英语函电不仅仅是方便企业间的交流，促进企业间的合作，更是处理企业之间纠纷的重要证据。商务英语函电的主要作用如下：
1、提高国际贸易的工作效率、降低成本。传统国际贸易的通讯方式中，信函和电报都是以纸文件传送信息，这样就造成了有大量相关资料和单据需要整理，分类和存档的繁琐过程。等待客户回复的时间漫长，这样使得工作效率非常低，耗时耗力。现代商务函电的使用，使纸文件逐渐减少，工作量变小，工作变得比较简单，相关的信息可以通过商务函电快速地传送给客户或合作伙伴；同时为企业降低了成本，尤其在外贸企业不断发展壮大的当今社会，企业管理成本降低的幅度就愈加明显。
2、发掘更多新客户，加深彼此之间的联系搭建沟通桥梁。商务英语函电的出现和快速发展，使国际通讯方式更加便捷。许多外贸企业可以通过网络信息或者经过他人介绍后得到潜在客户的联系方式，然后就可以使用方便可靠的现代商务英语函电使他们在短短几分钟内与客户取得联系。在经过询问和相互交流后，就可以与客户建立长期的合作关系。这样企业的客户会越来越多，业务量当然也会随之有很大的提高，企业就会一步步发展壮大。建立客户群以后，平时与客户的联系也会相当简单，可以随时了解客户的需要，解决客户提出的问题并加深了解。例如，当外贸企业业务员在执行合同时，出现任何问题或困难可立即与客户取得联系，并通过商议得到解决途径使合同得以顺利履行；另一方面，常与客户保持联系了解近况、加深感情，为以后能方便顺利的合作打下了坚实的基础。
3、促进国际贸易经济的增长。近年来，电话和传真为跨国界的贸易伙伴提供了快捷的通信。有很多实例说明了这点，而电子邮件、MSN、Skype、黑莓这些先进的全球聊天通话网络通过信息交换平台，进一步促进对外贸易的发展。有这些快捷的全球通讯方式做后盾，使许多中、小型企业纷纷进攻国外市场，这样做来扩大贸易范围、规模从而寻找新的贸易发展机会，带动了我国进出口贸易的发展，推动我国的经济发展，为我国发展做出了贡献。
4、加快实现贸易的全球化的进程。传统的贸易通讯方式是个比较繁琐的过程，有时还需要贸易双方反复进行多次的面对面的洽谈和信息交流，而国际贸易的进行很大程度上受到贸易双方地理位置等客观条件的限制。由于受到空间和时间的限制，贸易活动过程显得尤其复杂，而且成本费用很高，速度也很缓慢，安全问题也不能保障，数据很容易丢失或者毁坏。现代商务英语函电的迅速发展，为企业提供了进入国际市场的快捷通讯工具。外贸企业从此没有了时间和空间等因素的限工作变得比较简单，相关的信息可以通过商务函电快速地传送给客户或合作伙伴；同时为企业降低了成本，尤其在外贸企业不断发展壮大的当今社会，企业管理成本降低的幅度就愈加明显。
在国际贸易中，函电已经成为一个重要的组成部分，在提高企业效率、降低成本、促进集约化经营等方面的作用举足轻重。但在新的经济形式下，电子信息技术的发展也给商务英语函电提出了挑战，电子方面的一些安全隐患是商务英语函电的对手。由于商务英语函电中所包含的信息是一个企业经济活动的重要内容，我们不能忽视这些安全隐患的存在。尽管外贸函电也在不断的自我更新和完善之中，但是我们不能让对外贸易处在风险中。重要信息的泄露或被恶意删除等，会给企业带来损失，有些企业可能会为此付出比较沉重的代价。因此我们要为外贸英语函电建立一个良好的网络环境，防范病毒等的侵袭，不断完善运用以及增加网络的安全系数，相信在不断地发展中，外贸函电对国际贸易的影响与作用会越来越大，促进经济全球化与世界经济的发展。
【参考文献】
[1]祁慰.商务英语函电特性与使用探析[J].益阳职业技术学院学报，2010（3）. [2]吕平.试论如何指导学生写出完美的商务英语函电[J].中等职业教育，2009（14）.
外贸函电的规范与否直接影响到客户对公司的印象，对于外贸人员来说，每天写外贸函电，回复函电。你的函电是否规范呢? 把直接的函电于下文对照看看。。。
说明涨价原因
Dear Sir or Madam:
Enclosed is our new price list which will come into effect the end of this month. You will see that we have increased our prices on most models. We have, however, refrained from doing so on some models of which we hold large stocks. The explanation for our increased prices stems from the fact that we are now paying 10% more for our raw materials than we were paying last year, along with some of our subcontractors having raised their prices as much as 15%.
As you know, we take great pride in our product an dare proud of the reputation for quality and dependability we have built over 15years. We will not compromise that reputation because of raising costs. We have, therefore, decided to raise the price of some of our products.
We hope you will understand our position and look forward to your cooperation.
With best regards,
Hillary
说服买家涨价之前下单
Dear Sir or Madam:
This is regarding our quotation dated 2 November, and our mail offer dated 8 November concerning the supply of widgets(小机具).We are prepared to keep our offer open until the end of this month.
For your information, the market is firm and growing. There is very little likelihood of any significant change in the visible future. As this product is in great demand and the supply is limited, to secure your order, we would recommend that you accept this offer without delay.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
对价格作出让步
Dear Sir or Madam:
Thank you for your mail. We are disappointed to hear that our price for your required product is too high for your acceptance. You mentioned that Japanese goods are being offered to you at a price approximately 8% lower than our quote.
We accept your position, but we are of the opinion that the quality of the other makes does not measure up to that of our products. Although we are keen to do business with you, we regret that we cannot accept your counter offer.
We do want to try and work with you, and meet your request, but the best we can do is to reduce our previous quotation by 3%.We hope that this will meet your approval.
We look forward to hearing from you.
With best regards,
Hillary
答复在30日有效期的信用状付款的建议
Dear Sir or Madam:
Thank you for your order of 500b/w TV sets by your letter dated 17 July.
We have considered your proposal to pay by a 30-day letter of credit. We do not usually accept time credit; however, in view of our long and mutually beneficial relationship, we are willing to make an exception this time.
I must stress that this departure from our usual practice relates to this transaction only. This one-time accommodation does not set a precedent for future transactions.
I am enclosing our sales contract covering the order. I would be grateful if you would follow the usual procedure.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
答复直接付款的要求
Dear Sir or Madam:
Thank you for your letter dated 2 October requesting payment against documents for contracts and 483.
We are pleased to say that we agree to your request. We wish, however, to make it clear that in our future transactions, involved for each transaction is less than US$5,000 or the equivalent in Renminbi. Should the amount exceed that figure, payment by letter of credit will be required.
We would like to say that this exception is allowed only in light of our long and mutually beneficial association.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
同意修改付款条件
Dear Sir or Madam:
We thank you for your letter dated 6 June and are pleased to acknowledge your order No. 463 of the same date for ceramic tiles.
The modified terms of payment you propose are quite acceptable and a telex has been dispatched to you to this effect.
All the items in your order can be supplied from stock and will be packed and shipped immediately upon the remittance by telegraphic transfer being received.
The following documents will be air mailed to you immediately after shipment is made:
1. Bill of lading in duplicate
2. Invoice, FOB Shanghai in triplicate
3. Guarantee of quality
We will, of course, notify you by telex as soon as your order is shipped.
You can rely on us to give prompt attention to this and any future orders you may place with us.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
就要求以承兑交单付款作答复
Dear Sir or Madam:
Thank you for your request for a trial delivery of ceramic resistors but regret to say that we cannot agree to your proposal.
As an exception, the best we can do for the trial delivery is to offer you direct payment at sight terms.
If you accept our proposal, you run very little risk, since our brand products are well known for the quality, attractive design and reasonable price. Our lines sell very well all over the world and have done so for the last 30 years. We do not think you will have any difficulty in achieving a satisfactory performance with this item.
If you find our proposal acceptable, please let us know and we can then expedite the transaction.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
要求开立信用状
Dear Sir or Madam:
This is in regards to your order for 5,000widgets and our sales confirmation No. 341. We would like to remind you that the delivery date is approaching and we have not yet received the covering letter of credit.
We would be grateful if you would expedite the establishment of the L/C so that we can ship the order on time. In order to avoid any further delay, please make sure that the L/C instructions are in precise accordance with the terms of the contract.
We look forward to receiving your response at an early date.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
修改信用状
Dear Sir or Madam:
Your letter of credit issued by the Royal Bank of Canada has arrived.
Upon further examination, we have found that transshipment and partial shipment are not allowed.
As direct sailings to Portugal are infrequent, we have to transshipment may be necessary. With regard to partial shipment, it would speed matters up if we have in stock instead of waiting for the whole shipment to be completed.
With this in mind, I send you a letter today asking for the letter of credit to be amended to read “part shipment and transshipment allowed”.
I trust this amendment will meet your approval and you will send e-mail to us that effect without delay.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
延长信用状期限
Dear Sir or Madam:
Thank you for your letter of credit covering your order for 10,000 widgets.
We regret to say that, owing to a delay on the part of our suppliers, we will not be able to get the shipment ready before the end of this month. We faxed you earlier today to that effect.
We expect that the consignment will be ready for shipment in the early part of August. We are arranging to ship it on the Great Wall-sailing from Shanghai on 7 August.
We are looking forward to receiving your faxed extension to the letter of credit so that we can effect shipment of the goods.
We send our sincere apologies for the delay and trust that it will not inconvenience you.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
请示提供信用资料
Dear Sir or Madam:
Thank you for you interest in our products. We hope the samples we sent you on 5 February were up to your expectations.
We would like to sort out the credit formalities as soon as possible possible so that we can begin trading. Could you provide us that we can begin trading. Could you provide us with the requisite financial information so that we can open your new account immediately?
Please include a recent financial statement, the name of your bank and references,together with any other relevant credit details. The information you provide will, of course, be held in the strictest confidence.
We look forward to a long and prosperous relationship with your company.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
拒绝赊销
Dear Sir or Madam:
Thank you for your order No. 6565 dated 1 July for 100widgets.
I regret to say that our records show that we do not have sufficient letter of credit. We can fulfill your order only upon the receipt of a confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit.
We are sorry for the delay and await your instructions.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
询盘 并邀请访问
We had your enclosed drawings of 5 types of machines in your letter Feb. 2, . Would you please inform us by return of the price, discounts, terms of payment and the time when you can deliver them. If your quotations are suitable and the quality proves good, we’ll be pleased to invite your representative over for detailed discussion.
我方收到贵方2月2日函及随函所附有关5种机械的图纸。
请函报有关机械的价格、折扣、付款方式及最早的交货时间。
如果报价合理并能证明质量优秀，我方将邀请贵方的代表过来详谈。
如何索要产品目录
We get your name and address from your local Chamber of are an importer of plastic products and we would appreciate it if you would send us your catalogue in the new year.
我方从贵公司的商会获知你们的名称与地址。
本公司经营塑料制品的进口业务，希望能够得到贵公司明年的产品目录。
根据广告询价
Seeing your ad in“Family Life” we become interested in your silver wares of court styles. Please quote us for the supply of the items listed on the enclosed query form and give your prices . Shanghai. It would be appreciated if you include your earliest delivery date, terms of payment, and discounts for regular purchases.
我们看过贵公司登在《家庭生活》杂志上的广告，对你们的宫廷银器颇感兴趣。
请贵方按随函附表所列产品提供“.上海”报价，最好包括最快交货日期、付款条件及所能提供的定期购货折价。
承使馆推荐询价
We learn from the our Embassy that you are producing for export hand-made shoes and gloves in natural leather. There is a steady demand here for high-class goods of this type, especially in unique designs. Will you please send us your catalog, export prices and terms of payment, together with any samples you would like to let us examine.
从我国大使馆获悉贵公司制造并出口天然皮革材料的鞋类及手套。
我国有对此类高级产品稳定需求的市场，特别需要样式新颖的产品。请惠送贵公司的产品目录、出口价格、付款条件及所能提供的样品为荷。
按样品询价
We have a large demand for the supply of 50,000 meters brown serge, whose sample is enclosed to show you the shade and quality we require. Please send your samples corresponding to our samples with the most reasonable price . Singapore if you can supply within three months from now.
本公司需要5万公尺棕色斜纹布的大量供货。现随函附送我方所需货物的样品，以示其色调及品质。
若贵公司能在3个月内供货，请送供货样品，并提供新加坡港.最合理的报价。
按产品图片询盘
In your letter of December 3, 2000, we got your enclosed price list and catalogue, we found that one of your goods is to our satisfaction, so we are now post its picture back to you. Would you please inform us in detail its price, terms of payment and terms of shipment. We hope you would quote us the most reasonable price. As we have a large population here, if the goods are sold well, we are sure to place regular orders with you.
收到贵方2000年12月3日函及所附价目单和产品目录。我方看中其中的一种产品，现将其图片寄还。
请祥报该产品的价格、付款方式及装运条件。希望得到贵方最合理的报价。我国人口众多，如果销路好，我方一定会成为贵方的稳定订户。
如何表达在涨价前订货
Thank you for your letter of October 10 for business copiers. We are now sending you our price-list and catalog of the newest types that are under production and we can supply at once from stock.
We want to notice you that prices of copier parts and components have gone up steadily since the second half of the year. Though we have tried hard to keep our quotations down, we are afraid the margin for keeping on going like this will not long. Therefore, we suggest that you will let us have your order before further rises in costs, which will lead to a raise in prices very soon unavoidably.
感谢贵方10月10日关于商用复印机的询函。现随函奉送本公司正在生产的、并有现货供应的最新型号的产品清单和价目表。
我方想告诉贵方，自下半年以来，复印机的零、部件价格一直不断增长。尽管我方尽量压低报价，但恐怕有此余地的时间不会太久。因此，建议贵方在零、部件再次涨价，并不可避免地引起成品涨价之前便向我方订货。
要求及时供货
We understand that you are the agent for the White Tiger ties. We enclose our order for 1000 dozens of the White Tiger ties. Please note that we need these goods rather urgently as Christmas is drawing near. If you could supply goods timely for seasons, we would make repeated orders, provided prices are reasonable. Payment for the enclosed order will be made on a draft at sight under our letter of credit opened in your favor on receipt of your confirmation that the goods are sent out, and can be delivered before 1, December, .
获悉贵公司为“白虎牌领带”的代理商。兹附上1000打白虎牌领带订单一份。
请注意，由于 圣诞节 在即，本公司急需这批货物。如果贵公司能够及时供应时令货品，而且价格公道，我方将继续订货。
此票订单之货款，待确认贵方已于12月1日前发货之后，本公司即向贵公司开出见票即付的 信用证 。
要求代理商报价
We have read in China Daily that you are the exclusive agent for Hi-Fi Corporation of Africa and Asia. Would you please send us price-lists and catalogues of all the Hi-Fi wireless products and terms of payment. Please advise if you would grant special terms for an annual trade over 1 million . dollars. A visit of your representative would be appreciated. Perhaps he could bring the newest samples of the 999 hand phone, an item of growing interest here.
我方从《中国日报》上获知，贵公司为高保真公司在非洲和亚洲的独家代理商。
请惠送该公司所有无线通讯产品的目录、价目表及付款条件，并请告知，如果每年交易额达100万美元以上，是否可获得特别条件。
敬请贵方派代表来与我们洽谈，并携带最新999型手机样品，该产品在此地销路看好。
外贸函电范例一般商业书信
1.通知
本厂已迁移到上述地址, 特此通知，
I inform you that I have now removed my factory to the above address.
我方已在本市开设贸易与总代理店, 特此通知。同时, 恳请订购。
Having established ourselves in this city, as merchants and general agents, we take the liberty of acquainting you of it, and solicit the preference of your order.
本公司于5月1日将改为股份有限公司, 特此奉告。
We are pleased to inform you that our business will be turned into a limited company on the 1st May.
本公司股东年会, 将于3月1日在银行家俱乐部召开, 特此函告。
Notice is hereby given that the annual general meeting of the shareholders of our company will be held at the Bankers' Club on Mar. 1.
今天我们已付给.先生120美元, 特此告知。
By this we inform you that we have today paid Mr. . $120.
通过这些渠道, 他们会发来甚多订单, 特此函告。
Through these lines, we intimate you that they may send you considerable orders.
2.回信
公司断定我们所提供的货色优良, 价格公道, 感谢贵公司给我们一个机会, 使我们的要求得以实现。
We are certain that we are offering a sound article at popular price, and we should appreciate an opportunity to substantiate our claims.
贵公司5月6日函悉, 本公司无法承购贵公司开价的商品。此复。
In answer to your favour of the 6th May, we inform you that we are unable to take the goods offered by you.
关于贵公司所询麦麸一事, 现可提供该货20吨。
In answer to your inquiry for bran, we offer you 20 tons of the same.
贵函收悉, 此地商场仍保持平静。
Answering to your letter, we state that the market remains quiet.
至今未复5月8日贵函, 甚感歉疚, 还望原谅。
Kindly excuse our not replying to your favour of the 8th May unitl today.
本月8日贵函敬悉。??先生是位诚实可靠的人, 特此告知。
In response to your letter of the 8th inst., I am pleased to say that Mr. ?? is a man of trustworthy character.
关于所询H.先生的情况, 谨此高兴地告知, 他是一位足以信赖的人。
In response to your inquiry respecting Mr. H., we have pleasure in stating that he is a thoroughly reliable man.
关于S.公司的情况, 我们特此欣然函复。
We are glad to answer your inquiry concerning S. & Company.
关于J.先生的情况, 谨此高兴地告知, 我们认为他是绝对可以信赖的人，
Answering to your inquiry respecting Mr. J., we are pleased to say that we found him absolutely reliable.
17日贵函关于结帐一事, 谨此告知, 我们将很快寄去支票。
Replying to your letter of the 17th respecting the account, I will send you a cheque shortly.
3.收讫
您昨日来信已收悉, 谨于此按您所约定的条件。接受此项任务。
I acknowledge receipt of your letter of yesterday, and gratefully accept the appointment on the terms you mention.
6月1日贵函敬悉。
We are pleased to acknowledge receipt of your favour of the 1st June.
本月5日来函敬悉。
We acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 5th inst.
本商品将于12月最后一班轮船付运, 货到时请惠于告知。
Kindly acknowledge receipt, and have the goods sent by the last steamer in December.
我们如期收到您5月15日的信, 信中所谈事宜尽悉。谢谢。
We duly received your favour of the 15th May, contents of which we note with thanks.
6月6日来函收悉, 我们无法交运该货, 甚感遗撼。
We are in possession o fyour favour of the 6th June, and regret having to inform you that it is impossible for us to deliver the goods.
7月15日寄来的货物发票收悉。
We are in possession of your invoice of the 15th July.
7月7日的贵函收悉, 感谢您订购下列货物: ...
Your favour of the 7th July is at hand, and thank you for your order for: ...
7月10日来函敬悉。
Your favour of the 10th July came duly to hand.
您昨天的信和所附来的100美元的.支票均已收悉。
Your favour of yesterday covering a chequie of $100 is duly to hand.
昨天贵函已收悉。
Your favour of yesterday is duly received.
我们已收到您昨日写的信。
We have received your letter of yesterday.
我们如期收到您昨日发来的信。
We duly received your letter of yesterday.
我们于5月1日收到您4月3日的信。
We received on the 1st May your valued favour dated 3th April.
我们如期收到您5月27日函和附来的150美元的汇票。
We duly received your favour of the 27th May, with a draft for $150.
2月6日来函收悉。
We have received your letter dated 6th February.
您6月5日的来函收悉, 多谢。
We have to own with thanks the receipt of your favour of 6th June.
交易磋商、合同签订
订单 indent
订货;订购 book; booking
电复 cable reply
实盘 firm offer
递盘 bid; bidding
递实盘 bid firm
还盘 counter offer
发盘(发价) offer
发实盘 offer firm
询盘(询价) inquiry;enquiry
指示性价格 price indication
速复 reply immediately
参考价 reference price
习惯做法 usual practice
交易磋商 business negotiation
不受约束 without engagement
业务洽谈 business discussion
限**复 subject to reply **
限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here **
有效期限 time of validity
有效至**: valid till **
购货合同 purchase contract
销售合同 sales contract
购货确认书 purchase confirmation
销售确认书 sales confirmation
一般交易条件 general terms and conditions
以未售出为准 subject to prior sale
需经卖方确认 subject to seller’s confirmation
需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation
交易方式
INT (拍卖auction)
寄售consignment
招标invitation of tender
投标submission of tender
一般代理人agent
总代理人general agent
代理协议agency agreement
累计佣金accumulative commission
补偿贸易compensation trade
(或抵偿贸易)compensating/compensatory trade
(又叫：往返贸易) counter trade
来料加工processing on giving materials
来料装配assembling on provided parts
独家经营/专营权exclusive right
独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement
独家代理 sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency; exclusive agent
品质条件
品质 quality
原样 original sample
规格 specifications
复样 duplicate sample
说明 description
对等样品 countersample
标准 standard type
参考样品 reference sample
商品目录 catalogue
封样 sealed sample
宣传小册 pamphlet
公差 tolerance
货号 article No.
花色(搭配) assortment
样品 sample 5%
增减 5% plus or minus
代表性样品 representative sample
大路货(良好平均品质)fair average quality
外贸函电
外贸函电是一种商务信件，英文foreign correspondence。写外贸函电是外贸业务员的日常工作之一，然而，能写好外贸函电的外贸业务员却不多，为了有助于大家写好外贸函电，本文总结了几个经典外贸函电范文，可供参考。 外贸函电就是有着国际贸易关系的双方由于彼此的业务往来而产生的信件，但在信息化高度发达的今天，该信件并不局限于纸质信件，也可以是电子邮件、传真或MSN。
外贸函电最常用的内容：建立业务关系、询盘、发盘、回复、销售合同、包装、保险、赔偿、仲裁等。
外贸函电基本要求：主题明确，内容简洁，语言精炼，表述完整。
外贸函电的格式：有固定的语言、习惯用法和常用句型。
外贸函电的.语气：各部分语气。开发信、询盘回复一般要客气，表达感谢；平常业务联系要细心、信任；催促付款要紧急而不失礼貌；客户索赔要理解、给予足够的解释和说明。
范文：
一、如何表达在涨价前订货
Thank you for your letter of October 10 for business copiers. We are now sending you our price-list and catalog of the newest types that are under production and we can supply at once from stock.
We want to notice you that prices of copier parts and components have gone up steadily since the second half of the year. Though we have tried hard to keep our quotations down, we are afraid the margin for keeping on going like this will not long. Therefore, we suggest that you will let us have your order before further rises in costs, which will lead to a raise in prices very soon unavoidably.
感谢贵方10月10日关于商用复印机的询函。现随函奉送本公司正在生产的、并有现货供应的最新型号的产品清单和价目表。
我方想告诉贵方，自下半年以来，复印机的零、部件价格一直不断增长。尽管我方尽量压低报价，但恐怕有此余地的时间不会太久。因此，建议贵方在零、部件再次涨价，()并不可避免地引起成品涨价之前便向我方订货。
二、要求及时供货
We understand that you are the agent for the White Tiger ties. We enclose our order for 1000 dozens of the White Tiger ties. Please note that we need these goods rather urgently as Christmas is drawing near. If you could supply goods timely for seasons, we would make repeated orders, provided prices are reasonable. Payment for the enclosed order will be made on a draft at sight under our letter of credit opened in your favor on receipt of your confirmation that the goods are sent out, and can be delivered before 1, December, .
获悉贵公司为“白虎牌领带”的代理商。兹附上1000打白虎牌领带订单一份。
请注意，由于圣诞节在即，本公司急需这批货物。如果贵公司能够及时供应时令货品，而且价格公道，我方将继续订货。
此票订单之货款，待确认贵方已于12月1日前发货之后，本公司即向贵公司开出见票即付的信用证。
三、回复询盘告知无货
Referring to your letter of 5 June, we very much regret that we are unable to make you an offer for the goods you demand. The reason is that the product you need has been out of stock. What's more our manufacturers have declined orders because of shortage of raw materials.
We shall, however, file your inquiry and cable you our offers as soon as we have got supplies.
我方收到贵公司6月5日来函，但非常遗憾，我方无法对贵方所需产品报盘。其原因是，此货品在我处已经脱销。而且，由于原料短缺，生产厂家已经拒绝了我方订单。
我方已将贵方询函备案，一经有货，我方将以电报报盘。
四、如何追问买方意见
In reply to your inquiry we sent you on May 25 a copy of illustrated catalog of our electric products. As we have not heard from you since, we would like to ask whether you have had received our reply and what opinion you have on our products. We are always ready to serve you and should be grateful for your reply.
在5月25日我方对贵方询函的回函中，已寄去本公司电器产品的附图目录。因迄今尚未接到贵方的消息，特致函询问，贵方是否已收到我方回函，并征求贵方对本公司产品的意见。我方随时愿意效劳，若承蒙贵方惠赐回函，当不胜感激。
五、如何询问参展条件
From yesterday's Morning Paper we have learned that you are now taking applications from exhibitors for the 2000 Canton Fair. We hope you would send us a copy of detailed conditions for application, such as size of each booth, fees for rent, and time schedule for moving in, etc., as well as the time limit for application.
从昨天《晨报》上获悉，贵单位正在征集“20广交会”的参展申请。希望贵方能将展位大孝租用展位价格、进场时间、最迟申请日期等详细情况通知我方。
六、如何索要产品目录
We get your name and address from your local Chamber of are an importer of plastic products and we would appreciate it if you would send us your catalogue in the new year.
我方从贵公司的商会获知你们的名称与地址。
本公司经营塑料制品的进口业务，希望能够得到贵公司明年的产品目录。
七、按样品询价
We have a large demand for the supply of 50,000 meters brown serge, whose * enclosed to show you the shade and quality we require. Please send your * corresponding to our * with the most reasonable price . Singapore if you can supply within three months from now.
本公司需要5万公尺棕色斜纹布的大量供货。现随函附送我方所需货物的样品，以示其色调及品质。
若贵公司能在3个月内供货，请送供货样品，并提供新加坡港.最合理的报价。
询盘 并邀请访问
we had your enclosed drawings of 5 types of machines in your letter feb. 2, . would you please inform us by return of the price, discounts, terms of payment and the time when you can deliver them. if your quotations are suitable and the quality proves good, we’ll be pleased to invite your representative over for detailed discussion.
我方收到贵方2月2日函及随函所附有关5种机械的图纸。
请函报有关机械的价格、折扣、付款方式及最早的交货时间。
如果报价合理并能证明质量优秀，我方将邀请贵方的代表过来详谈。
如何索要产品目录
we get your name and address from your local chamber of are an importer of plastic products and we would appreciate it if you would send us your catalogue in the new year.
我方从贵公司的商会获知你们的名称与地址。
本公司经营塑料制品的进口业务，希望能够得到贵公司明年的产品目录。
按产品图片询盘
in your letter of december 3, 2000, we got your enclosed price list and catalogue, we found that one of your goods is to our satisfaction, so we are now post its picture back to you. would you please inform us in detail its price, terms of payment and terms of shipment. we hope you would quote us the most reasonable price. as we have a large population here, if the goods are sold well, we are sure to place regular orders with you.
收到贵方月3日函及所附价目单和产品目录。我方看中其中的一种产品，现将其图片寄还。
请祥报该产品的价格、付款方式及装运条件。希望得到贵方最合理的报价。我国人口众多，如果销路好，我方一定会成为
【关键词】 外贸英语函电；教学策略
随着经济全球化的迅猛发展，中国对外贸易业务也越来越频繁，外贸人才的需求也随之越来越大。这就要求学生不断学习掌握外贸英语函电的特点和写作技能，为将来在国际商务活动灵活运用英语函电技能。因此，外贸英语函电的教学也越来越引起人们的关注。
1 外贸英语函电教学现状
外贸英语函电是一门将外贸知识与商务英语相结合产生一门应用型课程，要求学生通过学习外贸英语函电课程，能够熟悉外贸业务各环节的英语知识和表达，掌握外贸工作中商务信函的写作技巧。现今，各高校大都开设了这门课程，但从企业反馈大部分学生的实践能力不强，与外贸用人单位所需的人才存在差距。以下分析现今外贸英语函电课程的教学现状。
教材内容落后：目前外贸英语函电教材和书籍种类繁多，但大部分教材的内容陈旧，只注重理论知识而忽略了现实外贸知识的发展，教材内容跟不上社会和市场发展的需要。随着电子商务的发展与互联网的普及，国际贸易交流的途径已经通过电子邮件和传真进行。部分教材内容已经不符合新时代外贸英语函电人才培养的希求，不利于我国对外经贸的发展。
教师知识结构不完善：外贸英语函电课程性质与语言特点决定了教师必须具备语言能力和外贸业务能力。 有些教师由于对贸易流程等缺乏实际经验而照本宣科，将外贸英语函电课程当做精读课文教学，强调英语语言知识的学习而不重视外贸活动的规则和操作程序。以这种方法来教学生学习外贸英语函电，将严重导致理论教学与实际脱节。
教学方法陈旧：长期以来，外贸英语函电的教学都是采用传统教学模式，以教师为中心，却忽视了学生的实践操作。大部分教师以讲述为主、没有讨论、没有设置相应的模拟练习，学生学起来也比较枯燥无味。随着外贸企业对外贸从业人员职业素质要求的提高，外贸英语函电课程采用传统的“灌输式”教学模式已不合时宜。
2 外贸英语函电的教学策略
根据社会和用人单位的要求，注重学生实践能力的培养，以能力为本位，理论与实践相结合，使该课程的教学能够真正培养社会人才需要的人才。根据我国外贸英语函电教学现状，总结出以下几点相应的教学策略：
加快教材建设：国家应该组织相关专家学者和出版单位出版顺应时展、内容充实、语料真实的教材及参考书；任课教师应有针对性地自编出版教材及参考书，补充一定外贸业务的真实的、适时性的外贸业务中的函电和单证资料，并向学生介绍电子商务、EDI（ElectronicDate Interchange）等在外贸中的应用。选择教材时应选择最新或新近版本教材；知名出版社的成熟教材；教材内容设置注重实训环节。
建设双师教学队伍：“双师型”教师，即除了具备深厚的英语语言功底之外，还对外贸业务知识精通的外贸英语函电教师。外贸英语函电作为一门与实践结合紧密的课程，要求任课教师不仅具有书本知识，还应系统地掌握外贸业务流程。而外贸业务流程随着贸易实践也在不断变化，只有深入企业内部，亲身参与，才能使得所教授的知识保持“新鲜”。学校应鼓励有英语专业背景的教师利用假期进入外贸单位进行社会实践和市场调查，并及时反馈相关信息；鼓励外贸专业出身的教师利用进修提高自身的英语水平。注重提高师资队伍“双师素质”的同时，应尤其重视从企业、行业聘请既有理论知识，又有丰富实践经验和动手能力的技术骨干任兼职教师，完善双师结构。
运用案例教学：外贸函电与外贸业务实务紧密相连，引入相关案例，能够使教学内容更加生动具体。让学生在对案例的分析过程中对外贸英语函电有全面的感性认识，加快学生对外贸英语函电课程和实务知识的了解与掌握。案例的收集和更新是案例教学的关键，在选择案例时应注意：案例的选择应与教学的重点、难点以及课堂内容相结合；案例内容应与国际贸易的现状相符，以确保案例的时效性。
案例教学法是根据教学目的和培养目标的要求，教师在教学过程中，以案例为基本素材，把学生带入特定的事件情境中进行分析问题和解决问题，培养学生运用理论知识并形成技能技巧的一种教学方法。案例分析前，老师引导学生思考分析案例时所需的知识点及在这个案例中可能用到的函件类型。在分析讨论环节老师监督每个学生积极参与，用英语发表自己的观点。最后要总结案例，指出本次案例讨论的思路，讨论的难点、重点，主要解决的问题，使得学生对自己的讨论结果有个清晰的框架。
加强校外实训：培养应用型人才应不断强化实践，可以外贸英语函电课程中设置相应的模拟实训，让学生在实验室完成，利用局域网进行外贸函电各流程的模拟实训。学生按照老师的要求完成国际贸易流程中各个环节的函电写作，通过局域网发送给老师,老师在电脑上回复和评阅这些函电。也可以在外贸英语函电这门课程的教学中应融入大量的校外实训,让学生模拟真实的商业场景，处理具体的问题。学生参与到真实的外贸业务当中，让学生们了解真正的业务场景、业务流程以及各个业务环节,研究不同环节函电的写作方法,学习外贸从业人员真实的操作。学院与企业建立合作关系，充分利用实训基地，安排学生到这些企业进行顶岗实习。通过学习真实单证的处理方式, 进一步提高了学生活学活用的能力。
3 结语
外贸函电课程在高校涉外专业的地位日益显著，所以，对目前教学实践中的一些问题与不足，相关部门、学校任课教师应引起高度重视，并在教学实践中应运用多种方法，不断探讨和摸索出一些更有效的方法，提高课堂教学效果，从而提高外贸英语函电的教学效果，才能培养优秀的一线人才，促进外贸发展。
参考文献
[1]聂慧芳.模拟教学法在外贸函电教学中的应用[J].科教导刊,2009,(02).
[2]张成伟.外贸英语函电[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[3]谭秋月.案例教学法与外贸函电教学研究[J].教学研究,2006,(11).
回复 询盘 告知无货
Referring to your letter of 5 June, we very much regret that we are unable to make you an offer for the goods you demand. The reason is that the product you need has been out of stock. What’s more our manufacturers have declined orders because of shortage of raw materials.
We shall, however, file your inquiry and cable you our offers as soon as we have got supplies.
我方收到贵公司6月5日来函，但非常遗憾，我方无法对贵方所需产品报盘。其原因是，此货品在我处已经脱销。而且，由于原料短缺，生产厂家已经拒绝了我方订单。
我方已将贵方询函备案，一经有货，我方将以电报报盘。
回复 询盘 ，量大折价
We are pleased to receive your letter of 5 July and enclose our catalogue and price list. Also by separate post we are sending you the samples of our products. Our catalogue contains items and their specifications of our supplies. Through comparing our prices with those of other suppliers, you will appreciate the moderate prices of ours. For a total purchase of not less than 100,000 and not more than 200,000 American dollars, we would allow a discount of 10% and for a purchase larger than 200,000 American dollars, we would allow a 20% special discount.
很高兴收到贵公司7月5日来函。现寄上产品目录与价目表。同时另封寄去样品，请查收。
所寄产品目录包括本公司产品的品名、规格。与其他厂商的价格比较，我方的报价定会使贵方满意。
凡总定购量超过100,000美元但不足200,000美元者，我方将给予10%的折扣;凡总定购量超过200,000美元者，我方将给予20%的折扣。
如何追问买方意见
In reply to your inquiry we sent you on May 25 a copy of illustrated catalog of our electric products. As we have not heard from you since, we would like to ask whether you have had received our reply and what opinion you have on our products. We are always ready to serve you and should be grateful for your reply.
在5月25日我方对贵方询函的回函中，已寄去本公司电器产品的附图目录。因迄今尚未接到贵方的消息，特致函询问，贵方是否已收到我方回函，并征求贵方对本公司产品的意见。我方随时愿意效劳，若承蒙贵方惠赐回函，当不胜感激。
如何询问参展条件
From yesterday’s Morning Paper we have learned that you are now taking applications from exhibitors for the 2000 Canton Fair. We hope you would send us a copy of detailed conditions for application, such as size of each booth, fees for rent, and time schedule for moving in, etc., as well as the time limit for application.
从昨天《晨报》上获悉，贵单位正在征集“20 广交会 ”的参展申请。希望贵方能将展位大孝租用展位价格、进场时间、最迟申请日期等详细情况通知我方。
敬启者；
我们从阿里巴巴得知贵公司的名称。
我们公司是一个专营纺织品的大规模的公司，在世界市场上享有良好的声誉。现在，我方公司将会每月为贵公司能提供新的设计。
我方公司将写信与贵公司建立直接的业务关系。
如果贵公司想要下订单，请告知，如按贵公司的有需要我们将很乐意求提供我们的.设计样本册，为了更好的准备货物如有现货订单，我方在收到你方订单之后三天之内装运。
我们期待你的回复。
敬上，
范文二：
Dear Sirs;
The Bbank of Cchina Shanghai Branch has informed us that your company is a large importer of textiles products. We have the pleasure of introducing ourselves to you ,our company is as a local
the largest textile manufactures in our area. Enclosed please find varies pictures of a variety of our quality textiles picture products.
Besides, we are desirous of the details of your requirement, so as to provide better service.
1 Your specialized in market/
2 Categories of your specialized products
We are looking forward to establishing long-term business relations.
Best regards
范文三：
March 7,
Dear sirs,
We have your name from Messrs. Smith Co.
Our company is a large leading cooperation specializing in textiles items. We have been engaged in this line for 20 years, ()and have business relations with many countries in Southeast Asia.
We are writing you to enter into direct business relations with you. We hope you can send us the latest product catalog and pricelist.
We are looking forward to your inquiry.
Yours Sincerely,
Jone Smith
Manager of Import Department
范文四：
Dear sirs,
Thank for your letter of March 7th, informing us of your interest in our product. We look forward to establishing positive business relationship with your corporation.
We are mainly dealing in the export of Chinese light industrial products. We are convinced that our joint business efforts will be to our mutual benefits.
As requested, a booklet including a general introduction of our latest product catalog together with our samples. Should you require any further information, please do not hesitate to let us know.
Yours faithfully,
交货条件
交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写)
装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间 time of delivery
定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter
托运人(一般指出口商)shipper,consignor
收货人consignee
班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter
舱位shipping space 油轮tanker
报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt
提货to take delivery of goods
空运提单airway bill 正本提单original B\\L
选择港(任意港)optional port
选港费optional charges
选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers account
一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January shipment
一月底装船 shipment not later than .或shipment on or before .
一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment
在......(时间)分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots
在......(时间)平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots
分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments
分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments
立即装运 immediate shipments
即期装运 prompt shipments
收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C
允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted
partial shipment not unacceptable
交易磋商、合同签订
订单 indent 订货;订购 book; booking
电复 cable reply 实盘 firm offer
递盘 bid; bidding 递实盘 bid f，
还盘 counter offer 发盘(发价) offer
发实盘 offer firm 询盘(询价) inquiry; enquiry
交易磋商、合同签订
指示性价格 price indication
速复 reply immediately
参考价 reference price
习惯做法 usual practice
交易磋商 business negotiation
不受约束 without engagement
业务洽谈 business discussion
限**复 subject to reply **
限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here **
有效期限 time of validity
有效至**: valid till **
购货合同 purchase contract 销售合同 sales contract
购货确认书 purchase confirmation
销售确认书 sales confirmation
一般交易条件 general terms and conditions
以未售出为准 subject to prior sale
需经卖方确认 subject to sellers confirmation
需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation
贸易方式
INT (拍卖auction) 寄售consignment
招标invitation of tender
投标submission of tender
一般代理人agent 总代理人general agent
代理协议agency agreement
累计佣金accumulative commission
补偿贸易compensation trade
(或抵偿贸易)compensating/compensatory trade
(又叫：往返贸易) counter trade
来料加工processing on giving materials
来料装配assembling on provided parts
独家经营/专营权exclusive right
独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement
独家代理 sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;
exclusive agent
品质条件
品质 quality 原样 original sample
规格 specifications，
说明 descrīption 对等样品 countersample
标准 standard type 参考样品 reference sample
商品目录 catalogue 封样 sealed sample
宣传小册 pamphlet 公差 tolerance
货号 article No. 花色(搭配) assortment
样品 sample 5% 增减 5% plus or minus
代表性样品 representative sample
大路货(良好平均品质)fair average quality
商检仲裁
索赔 claim 争议disputes
罚金条款 penalty 仲裁arbitration
不可抗力 force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal
产地证明书certificate of origin
品质检验证书 inspection certificate of quanlity
重量检验证书 inspection certificate of weight (quantity)
**商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau (*.)
品质、重量检验证书 inspection certificate
数量条件
个数 number 净重 net weight
容积 capacity 毛作净 gross for net
体积 volume 皮重 tare
毛重 gross weight
溢短装条款 more or less clause
外 汇
外汇 foreign exchange 法定贬值 duation
外币 foreign currency 法定升值 ruation
汇率 rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate
国际收支 balance of payments 硬通货 hard currency
直接标价 direct quotation 软通货 soft currency
间接标价 indirect quotation 金平价 gold standard
买入汇率 buying rate 通货膨胀 inflation
卖出汇率 selling rate 固定汇率 fixed rate
金本位制度 gold standard 黄金输送点 gold points
铸币平价 mint par 纸币制度 paper money system
国际货币基金 international monetary fund
黄金外汇储备 gold and foreign exchange reserve
汇率波动的官定上下限 official upper and lower limits of fluctuatio
We insist on a letter of credit.
我们坚持用信用证方式付款。
As I've said, we require payment by L/C.
我已经说过了，我们要求以信用证付款。
We still intend to use letter of credit as the term of payment.
我们仍然想用信用证付款方式。
We always require L/C for our exports.
我们出口一向要求以信用证付款。
L/C at sight is normal for our exports to France.
我们向法国出口一般使用即期信用证付款。
We pay by L/C for our imports.
进口我们也采用信用证汇款。
Our terms of payment is confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit.
我们的付款条件是保兑的不可撤消的信用证。
You must be aware that an irrevocable L/C gives the exporter the additional protection of banker's guarantee.
你必须意识到不可撤消信用证为出口商提供了银行担保。
Is the wording of “confirmed” necessary for the letter of credit?
信用证上还用写明“保兑”字样吗?
For payment we require 100% value, irrevocable L/C in our favour with partial shipment allowed clause available by draft at sight.
我们要求用不可撤消的、允许分批装运、金额为全部货款、并以我方为抬头人的信用证，凭即期汇票支付。
What do you say to 50% by L/C and the balance by D/P?
百分之五十用信用证，其余的用付款交单，您看怎么样?
Please notify us of L/C number by telex immediately.
请立即电传通知我方信用证号码。
The beneficiary of the L/C is to be China National Corporation, Beijing.
信用证的受益人为中国工艺品进出口公司北京分公司。
Will you please increase the credit to $1000?
能不能把信用证金额增至1000美圆?
The credit is short opened to the amount of RMB100.
信用证的金额少开了人民币100元。
Your L/_o. 48 is short of $29.
你方第48号信用证少开了29美圆。
Many banks in Europe are in a position to open L/C and effect payment in Renminbi.
欧洲的许多银行能够开立信用证，而且用人民币支付。
I open a letter of credit in Renminbi with a bank in .
我在美国的一家银行开立了人民币信用证。
The Barclays Bank in London is in a position to open letters of credit in Renminbi against our sales confirmation or contract.
伦敦巴克莱银行可以凭我们的销售确认书或合同开立人民币信用证。
When do I have to open the letter of credit?
顺便问一句，您几时开立信用证呢?
When can you arrange for a credit under the new import license?
按照新的进口许可证规定，你方什么时候能开出一张信用证?
Please open letter of credit in good time.
请及时开出信用证。
We'll open the letter of credit at sight.
我们会按时开证的。
I agree to use letter of credit at sight.
我同意用即期信用证付款。
Is the credit at sight or after sight?
信用证是即期的还是远期的?
Our letter of credit will be opened early March.
我们在3月初开出信用证。
We'll open the credit one month before shipment.
我们在装船前1个月开立信用证。
Please open the L/C 20 to 30 days before the date of delivery.
请在交货前20到30天开出信用证。
This letter of credit expires on 15th July.
这张信用证7月15日到期。
The validity of the L/C will be extended to 30th August.
信用证的有效期将延至8月30日。
Will you persuade your customer to arrange for a one-month extension of L/C
你们能不能劝说客户将TD204号信用证延期一个月?
To do so, you could save bank charges for opening an L/C.
这样做，你们可以省去开证费用。
It's expensive to open an L/C because we need to put a deposit in the bank.
开证得交押金，因此花费较大。
We pay too much for such a letter of credit arrangement.
这种信用证付款方式让我们花费太大了。
There will be bank charges in connection with the credit.
开立信用证还要缴纳银行手续费。
A letter of credit would increase the cost of my import.
信用证会增加我们进口货物的成本。
The seller will request to amend the letter of credit.
卖方要修改信用证。
Please amend L/C as follows.
请按下述意见修改第205号信用证。
Your refusal to amend the L/C is equivalent to cancellation of the order.
你们拒绝修改信用证就等于取消订单。
1. 迅速提供报价
Gentlemen: June 4, 2001
Thank you for your inquiry of June the 1st concerning the Deer Mountain Bike. It gives us great pleasure to send along the technical information on the model together with the catalog and price list. After studying the prices and terms of trade, you will understand why we are working to capacity to meet the demand. We look forward to the opportunity of being of service of you.
交易的契机
2. 如何讨价还价
Gentlemen: June 8, 2001
We have received your price lists and have studied it carefully. However, the price level in your quotation is too high for this market, If you are prepared to grant us a discount of 10% for a quantity of 200, we would agree to your offer. You should note that some price cut will justify itself by an increase in business. We hope to hear from you soon.
Yours truly
3-1 同意进口商的还价
Dear Sirs: June 12, 2001
Thank you for your letter of June the 8th. We have accepted your offer on the terms suggested. Enclosed our will find a special price list that we believe will meet your ideas of prices. You should note that the recent advances in raw materials have affected the cost of this product unfavorably. However, for your order we have kept our prices down.
Sincerely
3-2 拒绝进口商的还价
Dear Sirs: June 12, 2001
Thank you for your letter of June the 8th. We regret that we cannot meet your terms. We must point out that the falling market here leaves us little or no margin of profit. We must ask you for a keener price in respect to future orders. At present the best discount offered for a quantity of 200 is 5%. Our current situation leaves us little room to bargain. We hope you will reconsider the offer.
Truly
4. 主动联系采购商
Dear Sirs: May 1, 2001
Inquiries regarding our new product, the Deer Mountain Bike, have been coming in from all parts of the world. Reports from users confirm what we knew before it was put on the market - that it is the best mountain bike available. Enclosed is our brochure.
Yours faithfully
5. 提出询价
Dear Sirs: , 2001
We received your promotional letter and brochure today. We believe that your would do well here in the . Kindly send us further details of your prices and terms of sale. We ask you to make every effort to quote at competitive prices in order to secure our business. We look forward to hearing from you soon..
Truly
6. 正式提出订单
Gentlemen: June 15, 2001
We have discussed your offer of 5% and accept it on the terms quoted. We are prepared to give your product a trial, provided you can guarantee delivery on or before the 20th of September. The enclosed order is given strictly on this condition. We reserve the right of refusal of delivery and/or cancellation of the order after this date.
Truly
7. 确认订单
Gentlemen: June 20, 2001
Thank you very much for your order of June 15 for 200 Deer Mountain Bikes. We will make every possible effort to speed up delivery. We will advise you of the date of dispatch. We are at your service at all times.
Sincerely
8. 请求信用证延期
Gentlemen： Sep. 1, 2001
We are sorry to report that in spite of our effort, we are unable to guarantee shipment by the agreed date due to a strike at our factory. We are afraid that your L/C will be expire before shipment. Therefore, please explain our situation to your customers and secure their consent to extend the L/C to .
Sincerely
9. 同意更改信用证
Gentlemen: Sept. 5, 2001
We received your letter today and have informed our customers of your situation. As requested, we have instructed the Beijing City Commercial Bank to extend the L/C up to and including September 30. Please keep us abreast of any new development.
10. 请求开立信用证
Gentlemen: June 18, 2001
Thank you for your order No. 599. In order to execute it, please open an irrevocable L/C for the amount of US$ 50,000 in our favor. This account shall be available until Sep. 20. Upon arrival of the L/C we will pack and ship the order as requested.
Sincerely
11. 通知已开立信用证
Dear Sirs: June 24, 2001
Thank you for your letter of June 18 enclosing details of your terms. According to your request for opening an irrevocable L/C, we have instructed the Beijing City Commercial Bank to open a credit for US$ 50,000 in your favor, valid until Sep. 20. Please advise us by fax when the order has been executed.
Sincerely
在外贸过程中学习相关外语知识是非常必要的。因为在于国外客户接触时，不可避免会使用到英语。目前一些国际主流的外贸函电均是由欧美国家进行开发。如eBay这样的跨国销售网站，主要的买家均是来自于欧美。在销售过程中，难免会遇到一些问题需要沟通和了解。此时一封清晰的外贸函电就格外重要。
以下为外贸平台中的常用英语词汇：
(1)贵函
Your letter; Your favour; your esteemed letter; Your esteemed favour; Your valued letter; Your valued favour;Your note; Your communication; Your greatly esteemed letter; Your very friendly note; Your friendly advice; Yours.
(2)本信,本函
Our (my) letter; Our (my) respects; Ours (mine); This letter; these lines; The present.
(3)前函
The last letter; The last mail; The last post; the last communication; The last respects(自己的信); The last favour(来信)
(4)次函
The next letter; The next mail; The next communication; The letter following; the following.
(5)贵函发出日期
Your letter of (the) 5th May; Your favour dated (the) 5th June; Yours of the 3rd July; Yours under date (of) the 5th July; Your letter bearing date 5th July; Your favour of even date(AE); Your letter of yesterday; Your favour of yesterday''s date; Your letter dated yesterday.
(6)贵方来电、电传及传真
Your telegram; Your wire; Your cablegram(从国外); Your coded wire(密码电报); Your code message; Your cipher telegram; Your wireless telegram; Your TELEX; Your Fax.
(7)贵方电话
Your telephone message; Your phone message; Your telephonic communication; Your telephone call; Your ring.
(8)通知
(Noun) Advice; Notice; Information; Notification; Communication; A report; News; Intelligence; Message. (Verb)(通知,告知)To communicate (a fact) to; To report (a fact) to...on; To apprise (a person) of; To let (a person) know; To acquaint (a person) with; To intimate (a fact) to; To send word; to send a message; To mail a notice; to write (a person) information; To give notice(预告); To break a news to(通知坏消息); To announce(宣布).
(9)回信
(Noun) An answer; A reply; A response. (Verb) To answer; To reply; To give a reply; To give one''s answer; To make an answer; To send an answer; To write in reply; To answer one''s letter. (特此回信)Reply to; Answering to; In answer to; In reply to; In response to. (等候回信)To await an answer; To wait for an answer. (收到回信)To get an answer; To favour one with an answer; To get a letter answered.
(10)收讫,收到
(Noun) Receipt(收到); A receipt(收据); A receiver(领取人,取款人); A recipient(收款人) (Verb) To receive; To be in receipt of; To be to (at) hand; To come to hand; To be in possesion of; To be favoured with; To get; To have; To have before (a person); To make out a receipt(开出收据); To acknowledge receipt(告知收讫).
(11)确认
To confirm; Confirming; Confirmation; In Confirmation of(为确认...,为证实...); A letter of confirmation(确认函或确认书)
(12)高兴,愉快,欣慰
To have the pleasure to do; To have the pleasure of doing; To have pleasure to do; to have pleasure in (of) doing; To take (a) pleasure in doing (something); To take pleasure in doing (something); To be pleased to (with)(by); to be delighted at (in)(with); To be glad to (of)(about); To be rejoiced in (at).
关键词：外贸函电；语料库；语块；语块分析
一、外贸函电课程教学中问题所在
1.函电范文中的单词和词组都有其特殊的含义，就是结合外贸专业的词汇，造成学生无法对函电进行正确理解。
2. 由于语法应用能力严重不足，中式思维影响干扰大，造成学生写出来的外贸函电，语病多，结构混乱，中式英语特征明显。
3.教材内容陈旧，外贸已经进入互联网时代，电子商务已经成为主流，很多内容分无法适应外贸的要求。
二、本研究解决的问题
外贸函电教学质量的高低将很大程度上决定学生将来能否走上外贸行业的工作岗位，以及在外贸工作岗位上的表现。本研究就是要将语料库通过对大量实际外贸函电内容按外贸职能对课程中各个环节的用语语块进行分析，使外贸函电教学变得相对轻松高效和实用，从而使得学生能毕业即能就业，充分适应外贸企业的要求。
三、理论依据
1. 语块（chunk）的定义
对语块的定义一直存有争议，对于语块的研究始于上世纪70 年代Bolinger（1976）在转换生成语法居主流地位的背景下，提出了语言内容不仅靠语法规则无限生成言语还给我们提供了巨大数量的预制件（prefabs）。 Wray（2002）把它界定为一串预制的连贯或者不连贯的词或其他意义成分，它整体存储在记忆中，使用时直接提取，无需语法生成和分析. Wray 的定义比较全面，涵盖了学者们所提出的语块具有整体预制的，结构相对固定，易于提取的特点。
2. 语料库
语料库（corpus，复数为 corpora）一词源于拉丁语，原指body现在我们所说的语料库往往指的是一个，电子文本集一个小型文本集并不是真正的语料库，真正意义上的语料库是一个按照一定的采样标准采集而来的，能够代表一种语言或某语言的某种变体或文类。
四、外贸函电语料库的构建
1. 外贸函电语料库的内容选取
根据Biber（1995）的理论，语料库的代表性体现在以下两个方面：1）语料库所包含的文本类型的范围，即语料的群体；2）群体内部的层次分类。
说明价格调整原因
I enclose our new price list , which will come into effect ,from the end of this month. You will see that we have increased our prices on most models. We have ,however , refrained from doing so on some models of which we hold large stocks. We feel we should explain why we have increased our prices. We are paying % more for our raw materials than we were paying last year. Some of our subcontrac tors have raised their by as much as %. As you know , we take great pride in our machines and are jealous of the reputation for quality and dependability which we have achieved over the last years. We will not compromise that reputation because of rising costs. We hope, therefore decided to raise the price of some of our machines. We hope you will understand our position and look forward to your orders.
现谨附上本公司新价格表，新价格将于本月底生效。除了存货充裕的商品外，其余大部分货品均已调升价格。是次调整原因是原材料价格升幅上涨%□，一些承包商的价格调升到%。 过去年，本公司生产的机器品质优良性能可靠。今为确保产品质量，唯有稍为调整价格。上述情况，还望考虑。愿能与贵公司保持紧密合作。
回复感谢信
We greatly appreciate your letter describing the assistance you received in solving your air-conditioning problems. We are now in our fifty year of operation, and we receive many letters like your indicating a high level of customer satisfaction with our installation. We are pleased that our technical staff assisted you so capably. We would like you to know that it you need to contact us at any time in the future. Our engineers will be equally responsive to your request for assistance. If we can be of service to you again, please let us know. Thank you again for your very kind letter.
承蒙来信赞扬本公司提供的空调维修工程服务，欣喜不已。五年前开业至今，屡获客户来函嘉奖，本公司荣幸之至。欣悉贵公司识技术人员的服务，他日苛有任何需要，亦请与本公司联络，本公司定当提供优秀技师，竭诚效劳。在此谨再衷心感谢贵公司的赞赏，并请继续保持联络。
请客户征询其它公司
Thank you for your enquiry of May concerning silk blouses. We regret to say that we do not manufacture clothing to your own designs to the highest European standards: Swan Textiles corporation The industrial zone Shekou We supply the factor with all their silk materials, I enclose a swatch of our stock materials for your examination. Should you desire any of these samples made up into finished products , we can supply the swan factory with them. We hope that this will be of help to you and wish you every success in your business dealings.
谢谢月月日来函查询关于纡绸罩衫的事宜。 本公司只生产纡绸布料，供应纺织品批发商和制造厂家，并没有制造成衣，因而未能接受贵公司订货，谨致万分歉意然而，本公司乐意推荐本地一家生产优质男装的工厂，相信可按贵公司设计的款式制造符合欧洲最高标准的服装：蛇口工业区天鹅纺织品公司。 该厂的丝绸布料全由本公司供应，随函了什样本以供查阅，如贵公司认为适合，本公司乐意负责供应所需布料。愿上资料对贵公司有所帮助。 谨祝生意兴隆，事事顺达。
改善服务
Thank you for your letter of January. I apologize for the delivery problems you had with us last month. I have had a meeting with our production and shipping managers to work out a better system for handling your account .We know we made a mistake on your last order . Although we replaced it for you. we want to make sure it does not happen again. We have devised the enclosed checklist to use for each of your future order. It includes your firm's particular specifications, packing requirements and marking instructions. I believe can service your company better and help you operations run more smoothly with this safeguard. Please contact us if there are any additional points you would like us to include.
感谢月日来信。对上月贵公司更换所需货品，唯恐类似事件再发生，本公司生产运输和出口部经理已商议制订更有效方法处理贵公司事务，并为此特别设计清单。 随信奉上该清单，供贵公司今后订货之用。当中包括特殊规格包装要求和樗说明等栏目，相信此举有助本公司提供更佳服务，促进双方合作。如欲增设任何栏目于该清单上，恳求惠示。
拒绝客户的要求
Thank you for your enquity of are always pleased to hear from a valued regret to say that we cannot agree to your request for technical information regarding our software security fact is,that most of our competitors also keep such information private and sincerely hope that this does not inconvenience you in any there is any other way in which we can help. do not hesitte to contact us again.
月日信收悉，谨此致谢。 来信要求本公司提供有关软件保密系统的技术资料，但鉴于同行向来视该等资料为机密文件，本公司亦不便透露，尚祈见谅。我真诚地希望这样不会对贵公司造成不便。如需本公司协助其他事宜，欢迎随时赐顾垂询。 祝业务蒸蒸日上!
应付难办的客户
We have been doing business together for a long time and we value our relationship of late, we have not been able to provide the kind of service we both want. The problem is that your purchasing department is changing orders after they have been placed. This has led to confusion and frustration for both of our companies. In several instances. you have returned goods that were originally ordered. To solve the problem , I propose that on receipt of an order, our sales staff contact you to verify it. If you decide on any changes, we will amend the order and fax you a copy so that you can check it. I trust this system will cut down on delays and errors, and allow our operations to run smoothly.
承蒙多年惠顾，本公司感激万分。然近来合作出现问题，令服务水准未能符合对方要求，本公司为此提忧不已。 贵公司采部发出定单后，再三更改内容;更有甚者，屡次退回订购之货品，导致了双方公司工作中的混乱和困惑。为避免问题日趋严重，特此在接到定单后，由本公司销售人员与贵公司复核。若需作出改支，本公司把定单修改后电传副本，供贵公司查核。 盼望上述办法经受减少延误，促进双方业务发展。
祝贺新公司成立
It has just come to our attention that you have lately opened your new European headquarters in Brussels. Congratulations on your bold venture. As you know , our companies have had a long business association in the UK. We look forward to collaborating with you in your European venture. Please let us know if we can be of any assistance to you. We will be delighted to help. We wish you the very best of luck and a prosperous future
非正式的预约要求
Could we meet some time this month to discuss the hypermarket proposal? We want to make decision by the beginning of next month. We would very much like to hear your thoughts before we make any definite plans. Could you choose a venue for the meeting? I can fly to London any time, Perhaps you would prefer Lyon or Paris? I leave it to you to choose. I look forward to seeing you again.
您好!未知能否于本月会面，商谈有关特大自助市场的建议呢?我们准备于下月初作出最后决定。在未订下明确计划之前，希望能咨询的意见。敢问能否选定会面地点?在伦敦巴黎或里昂商谈都可以，悉随尊便。 期待与您见面。
物色代理商
Our company manufactures a range of printing presses that are used successfully by companies in over countries. A product specification brochure is enclosed. We are considering expanding our products to new markets and we would appreciate you assistance. In particular , we would like to identify the best agents who are currently serving the printing industryin your region. We are looking for organizations which conduct their business in a truly professional manner. They must be fully conversant with thetechnical side of the printing industry and have a comprehensive understanding of all the features of the lines they represent. We would be very grateful if you could take a few moments to send us the names of three or four organizations that match our shall then contact them to explore the possibility of establishing a mutually acceptable business relationship. Thank you very much for your time and consideration in this matter.
本公司生产的一系列印刷机，获二十多个国家的公司采用。随函附上产品规格说明书，谨供参考。 现为该产品开拓新市场，希望得知贵地区从事印刷工业的代理商资料。如蒙贵公司协助，将不胜感激。如能拨冗寄来数个符合上述要求代理商商号，则感激不尽。本公司将与其联系，研究能否建立互惠互利折业务关系。 右蒙惠告，不胜感荷!
欢迎新代理商
I would like to welcome you to our organization. We are very pleased to have you on our ream. I know that you will be equally proud of our products. Our European sales Representative, Antoine Gerin , will be in touch with you at regular intervals. Please feel to call him any time you have a problem, If I can regular intervals. Please feel free to call him any time you have a problem. If I can ever be of service, please call me. I am planning a trip to France next month, and I am looking forward to meeting you. In the meantime, the best of luck with our product line.
欢迎加入本公司成为我们的一分子。相信您也会以本公司的产品为荣。欧洲销售代理安东尼・格林会定期与联络，遇有问题可与他商讨。若有其他需要，欢迎向我提出。 下月我将赴法国一游，期望能与您会面。谨祝产品销量节节上升。
要求约见
Would you be interested in stocking a radical new departure in laptop computers? I would very much like to brief you on this great innovation. Could we make an appointment? The machine is the same size as most laptops but comes with some totally new features. The retail price will undercut its nearest competitor by at least %.I shall be in the UK from September to October. If you would like to know more, just fax or telex me.
贵公司有没有考虑配置最新型号的手提电脑?本公司诚意推介该崭新产品，盼能预约时间作一介绍。 该电脑体积和同类电脑相仿，但配备多项先进功能。其零售价较同类产品便宜%以上。本人将于月日至月日逗留英国。如蒙拨冗了解该产品资料，烦请函复。
拒绝约见
Thank you for your letter of July regarding your new laptop computer. I regret to say that we cannot agree to your request for an appointment. We currently have the sole agency for another computer company, Under the terms of the contract , We are barred from stocking any other company's products. The sole agency comes under review in six months' time . Contact us then and we may be able to consider your new product.
月日有关新型号手提电脑函收悉。 本公司暂未能安排会面，深感歉意。现时正为另一家电脑公司提任独家代理，根据合约条款，不得销售别家电脑公司的产品。该代理权将于六个月后期满。届时烦请再作联系，共商贵产品代理事宜。
同意约见
Thank you for your letter of September. I note that you will bein the UK during the whole of November. We are quite interested by the fashion knitwear illustrated in yourcatalogue. As a fashion Chain. We might consider having some of our own designs manufactured in China. Please let me know when you would like to call on us. The week beginning November would suit me best. I look forward to meeting you and discussing this matter.
感谢月日的来信。欣闻阁下将于月逗留伦敦一个月，望到时能拨冗相会。本公司对贵公司商品目录中的针织时装深感兴趣。现正研究设计款式，在中国制造后寄本公司时装连锁店发售。 如能于月日或其后数天抽空来访，当感激不尽。 期待与您会面，商讨有关事宜。
【关键词】外贸函电 现状 问题 改革
自2001年我国加入世界贸易组织以来，我国对外贸易增长强劲，增速明显高于全球的平均增速，2013年我国超越美国成为第一货物贸易大国。2014年“一带一路”战略的提出为我国外贸的发展提供了新的战略机遇期。外贸人才的整体需求将进一步扩大，对外贸人才的要求也将进一步提升。外贸函电作为外语外贸类专业的核心课程，是毕业生从事外贸工作的重要工具，也是外贸从业能力的核心内容。因此，高职院校外贸函电课程也应进行新的改革探索以适应新的形势和要求。
一、外贸函电课程性质及定位
外贸函电是外贸业务中涉及的各种函件、电子邮件、传真等的总称，是外贸业务中客户双方相互沟通交流的主要方式。该课程旨在培养学生在外贸业务中与客户进行英文书面沟通的能力，恰当处理进出口业务中往来函电的能力，帮助学生为毕业后将要从事的外贸工作打下良好的基础。
二、外贸函电教学现状及问题
外贸函电课程的特点要求从事教学的老师不仅较高的英语语言能力还要有丰富的国际贸易知识。但是现在大部分老师来自英语教育专业，缺乏外贸实践工作经验，课堂教学和实际操作容易脱节。国际贸易专业的老师来教授此课程往往无法把握英语语言教学的规律，尤其是写作课堂教学技巧，容易出现重专业知识轻写作技能训练的局面。
外贸函电课程要求学生具有较好的英语语言基础和国际贸易知识。当前高职学生英语水平参差不齐，差异性较大。外贸类专业学生掌握国际贸易知识较扎实，但英语水平参差不齐，整体较薄弱，需要他们更好地发挥主观能动性来提升英语语言能力以达到课程的要求。外语类专业学生具有较好的语言基本功，但是国际贸易知识学习不够系统全面，因此需要他们课下多查阅相关资料以弥补专业知识上的不足。
目前外贸函电教材种类繁多，围绕项目化教学、基于工作过程等教学模式也做了一些积极的改善。但是教材中诸如电报、电传等内容已过时，另外信例比较陈旧，过于书面化，未能体现出信息化时代简明、便捷的时代特色。教材呈现的是一个完整的贸易流程，但是其中的案例不连贯，前后不统一，不利于学生把握整个贸易流程。
在教学模式上，许多老师都进行了一些积极的探索和尝试，也多采用多媒体课堂，但是在强调教的同时容易忽视了学生的学，未能以学生为主，学生经常处于被动接受状态。课堂上以国际贸易知识链接和案例分析为主，多让学生课下练习写作，多数学生参照样信进行仿写，学生分析和解决实际问题的能力比较欠缺，很难将所学知识融汇贯通，无法适应外贸工作的实际要求。
从工学结合的角度来说，外贸函电课程缺少实践的机会。一是由于一单外贸通常需要几个星期或几个月，课程本身安排上无法实现。另一个原因是外贸因考虑到客户信息、财务等商业机密不愿意让实习学生接触。工学结合的实施遇到了挑战。
三、外贸函电教学改革的思路和方法
（2）通过调研明确改革思路。通过对外贸行业的调研和外贸企业的走访，以及毕业生的信息跟踪和反馈，充分了解企业对外贸人才的任职要求，参照“外贸业务员”职业标准，进行整体化职业分析，确定外贸业务员的典型工作任务，并分析确定其对学生知识、能力、素质的基本要求，在此分析的基础上，对照外贸业务流程，进行基于工作过程的课程开发。
（2）以工作过程为导向，项目引导、任务驱动的教学模式。基于工作过程的课程开发已经成为高职教育课程改革的主要趋势。 外贸函电课程应以提高学生的职业能力为切入点，实现教学内容项目化，以项目中的典型工作任务为载体，以完成工作任务为驱动，让学生在每一个项目化的工作流程中进行“仿真式”模拟训练，在“做中学、学中做”。第一步任务驱动-呈现建立业务关系的任务，让学生有明确的目标，第二步知识支撑-建立业务关系知识拓展（例如建立业务关系的途径等）、建立业务关系相关词汇和信函结构讲解；第三步项目入门示例-建立业务信例的讲解；第四步项目主导演练-学生采用小组合作的形式，在教师指导下从短语翻译到句子翻译再到函电仿写进行演练；第五步项目自主实践-学生综合利用拓展客户的知识，自主完成建立业务关系函电的写作；第六步点评总结-小组内互评，教师挑选优秀作品展示点评。
（3）加强“双师型”教师的培养。外贸函电是一门实践性、综合性很强的一门课程，教师在外贸函电教学中起到至关重要的作用。因此，我们应更加注重师资队伍建设，鼓励教师多参加外贸业务知识的培训和外贸业务员职业资格考试；学校应为教师提供更多机会到外贸企业顶岗实习，让教师熟悉真实的外贸业务操作，提升自己的业务水平，从而培养出更多优秀的“双师型”教师。
（4）充分利用互联网和多媒体辅助教学。当前国际贸易形势复杂多变，各国的贸易政策和措施也不断变化，贸易壁垒和摩擦也时常出现，这些新情况和新问题是外贸从业人员和即将踏上外贸工作岗位的学生应该关注的，但是我们的教材相对滞后，网络外贸论坛的出现让这些问题迎刃而解，学生和老师可以借助外贸论坛了解到最新的国际贸易的发展动态。福布外贸论坛是国内最受欢迎的外贸论坛之一，大量的外贸从业人员在上面发帖交流经验或求助，各种外贸信息。此外，课堂上，鼓励教师和学生在多媒体网络环境下进行写作和评改，学生利用电脑撰写函电，并E-Mail给老师，电脑可以提示一些拼写和语法错误，便于学生自行更正。教师将具有典型性的学生的习作投放到多媒体进行评析和修改，学生们可以直观地得到习作修改的信息反馈。
四、结论
本文针对外贸函电教学的现状和存在的问题，提出了外贸函电教学改革的一些思路和方法。外贸函电是一门实践性和综合性很高的课程，所以其教学改革也是一项系统工程，教学设计、教学模式、教学方法、师资队伍、教学手段、教学评价等方面需统筹规划，协同提升，从而打造出生动高效的外贸函电课堂，培养出更多有用的外贸人才。
参考文献：
Abstract: The foreign trade English letters and telegrams are the comprehensive curriculum which a goalkeeper trade practice and foreign trade English unify, has the content to be broad, the difficulty is big and usability strong and so on characteristics. After is engaged in the foreign trade work and several round teaching practice and the exploration, the author take the foreign trade English letters and telegrams curriculum characteristic as the breakthrough point, proposed in the current university this curriculum teaching exists question and solution countermeasure.
关键词：外贸英语函电 教学问题 对策
Key words:Foreign trade English letters and telegrams Teaching question Countermeasure
作为商务英语专业的主干课程之一，《外贸英语函电》综合了外贸实务和英语两方面的知识，具有很强的实践性和实用性。它既不同于普通英语，跟其他专业英语在内容和形式上也有很大差异。就内容而言，它涉及外贸实务的各个层面，包括：建立业务关系（Establish Business Relations ），询盘(Enquiry)，报盘(Offer)，还盘(Counter-offer)，接受(Acceptance)，订货(Order)，签约(Contract)，包装(Packing)，装运(Shipment)，保险(Insurance)，付款(Payment)，索赔(Claim)等。从培养学生的模式来讲，主要是通过介绍外贸进出口流程各环节的业务信函样例,让学生了解和掌握业务相关知识及用英语写商务信函的要求和技能。
由此可知，它虽不是纯粹的外贸实务课，但必须介绍对外贸易各环节的业务及具体做法。若教师对外贸业务不熟，术语不理解，就没法胜任教学工作。至于学生，要求具有一定的英语基础,又要对外贸知识有一定的了解。同时,要写好各类型的信函,还需具备良好的谈判技能,懂得各国的文化和国际惯例。因此,要教好这门课，教师就必须深入了解该课程的特点，目前教学中存在的问题，这样才能找到有效的对策促进更好地开展教学活动。
一、外贸英语函电的基本特征
外贸英语函电实际上就是以英语为信息载体，采用特定的格式用信件往来来开展商务活动。作为一门特殊文件，它具有书面体的语言特点，即，清晰的逻辑思路、严谨的篇章结构、规范的格式、正式而专业化的语言倾向。
1、语篇特征（Textual Features）：外贸信函是用文字来传达信息，促成交易的。因此其措辞、结构和篇章安排的好坏可能就会影响一单生意的成败，而评价写作质量的一个重要因素就是篇章结构。外贸书信写作格式正规，一般说来有齐头式（BlockForm）、混合式（Modified Block Form）和缩进式（Indented Form）三种。其次是语言正式。再就是外贸实务中的各类信函写作都要遵循一定的步骤，以建立贸易关系为例，应包括以下几个步骤：告知对方你如何得知其信息；自我介绍，突出公司优势；表达与对方建立贸易关系的强烈愿望；其他相关内容；期待对方早回信。
2、语法特征（Grammatical Features）：为节省彼此的时间，外贸信函句子表达要求结构简单，层次分明。但实际运用中，为使结构紧凑，较多使用长句，且通常大部分为复合句和并列句。此外，为突出商业书信语体的正式性，外贸信函还有词组结构较复杂和动词不缩写的特点。
3、词汇特征（Vocabulary Features）：外贸信函一个鲜明的特点就是专业词汇（术语）多，这体现了外贸英语的“专”，这也在很大程度上加大了教师和学生在教与学两方面的难度。许多单词作为普通英语词汇使用时，学生很容易了解它们的意思，可在外贸英语函电中它们却有了不同的含义。如“offer”一词，其基本意思是“给予，提供”，但在外贸函电中却是“报盘（询价）”的意思。另外，我们会在外贸英语函电中看到“thank，appreciate”等客套用词，这正好反映了衡量外贸书信质量的7个C标准中的courtesy(礼貌)原则。
二、外贸英语函电教学中存在的问题
根据国家教育部的要求，高校要积极开展双语教学，目前中国各高校也在不同程度上开展了双语教学，很多学校还在前期设置了商务英语写作这门基础课，可外贸英语函电的教学效果差强人意，主要是因为如下的问题：
1、教材方面：目前，书店里外贸英语函电教材五花八门，仔细一看，会发现内容大致相似，且都有那么一些缺陷，其中存在的一个共同问题是大多数内容较陈旧，有些甚至是搬用一二十年前的出版物，根本不适合21世纪外贸的新形势。其次，很多教材的编撰者是英语老师，但却不是外贸科班，语法不会出错，可表达太书生气，不地道，既不符合外贸要求，又与外贸实际操作脱节。
2、教师方面：外贸英语函电这门课程的特点决定教师一要具备普通英语写作教学能力，二要精通外贸业务。目前能兼有这两点的教师是凤毛麟角。大多数高校的函电教师要么来自英语教师队伍，语言教学经验丰富，但外贸专业知识缺乏；要么是来自国贸教师队伍，他们虽然熟悉外贸业务并有一定专业英语阅读能力，也许还有外贸实践经历，可他们不了解语言教学规律。这就导致课堂教学各有侧重：长于专业的教师大讲外贸知识，把函电课当国际贸易导论课来上；长于语言的教师则是像教英语精读一样细讲词句，把外贸实务知识很机械地灌输给学生。因此，使得课堂气氛沉闷，内容单调，没能体现函电实用的特点。
教师方面另一个突出问题就是教学方法的单一和陈旧。现阶段仍有很多老师认为，学生只要把普通英语学好，外贸函电英语就能迎刃而解，结果套用英语精读的教学模式，把函电变成另一门英语精读课，过于重视语言形式而忽略了课程的交际功能。至于那些长于外贸的老师因不熟悉语言教学的内在规律，讲不清语法、用词、格式和篇章结构，所以又难以教会学生有效地处理业务函电。
3、学生方面：外贸英语函电是英语写作和外贸业务知识相结合的一门综合性课程。众所周知，英语写作进步难、见效慢，再加上专业性很强的外贸内容，学生适应外贸英语函电的学习需要时间。尤其是那些英语基础差、写作功底不扎实的学生，更是难以招架。
反映在学生身上的另一个问题是学习积极性渐退。因为函电课程实用性强，学生一开始往往兴趣浓厚、信心满怀，希望在短期内既能提高英语写作能力，又能获得实用性很强的外贸知识，但由于以上谈到的教材和教师方面的问题，学生慢慢就会感到乏味，学习积极性自然就会大大受挫。
三、解决对策
1、笔者一知道要承担这门课程教学任务，就买了一些外贸函电的书籍，其中有全英文的，也有中文的，然后把它们和学校发的教材进行对比分析，以贸易流程为主线按课题选用教材和其他书籍的精华内容并做成PPT。同时，除了教授这些文字的内容，也注意与他们分享笔者在以前外贸工作中的经验，引导他们留意英语水平和外贸知识之外的东西，如人际交往技巧，说话的艺术，或者是在外贸实务操作中对可能出现的问题的预防和解决技巧以及中西文化差异等。
2、运用双语教学，注意英文版的外贸知识在课堂上对学生的渗透，这在某种程度上不仅有助他们记忆外贸术语，也一定程度上对他们英语表达能力的提高有帮助。
3、充分运用多媒体。这不但增加了课堂的信息量，同时通过更直观的呈现形式，并用一些熟悉的日常情景进行类比，加上案例教学法，大大提高了学生学习的积极性。如在讲授建立贸易关系的信函写作要注意的问题时，笔者把它跟我们平时逛街买东西进行类比。我们精心选合意的商店，然后细心挑想买的东西，再耐心谈价，直到最后双方愿意，我们就把东西买下来。这是一个简单的日常生活经历，学生有亲身体会，可把这放大来看，其实就是一桩生意。我们逛街选店挑商品，其实就是在准备与人建立一种贸易关系。我们会浏览很多家店面，在此过程中，我们会注意自己说话的口气、问价的方法（哪怕不买也不会令人反感）、态度的诚恳以及其他的一些细节。那么，为了建立贸易关系的外贸英语函电的写作注意点就显而易见了：首先我们应审慎地挑选合作伙伴。然后在选中了后，要细心、耐心有礼貌地通过信件与对方交流，获取自己所要的信息，最后达到找到可信贸易伙伴的目的。运用这样的比较教学，学生对于外贸的陌生感会降低，会觉得它更容易接近，从而会激发他们学习的主动性。
4、注重知识的更新，尽力创造给学生实训和实践的机会。外贸函电主要是通过E-mail交流，笔者通过从事外贸工作的朋友得到一些公司实际业务信函作为教学资料。利用实训室的教学系统软件，让学生在该系统上模拟外贸各环节函电的写作和各种单据的制作,全面了解外贸流程，更加系统地理解外贸专业知识,也熟悉电子商务的运作方式。在此基础上，通过各种渠道给学生找实践的机会，也鼓励学生寒暑假去实习，一旦有了临场的体验，学生对课程的学习目标会更明确，兴趣也会更浓厚。
5、为了更好地引导学生，教师必须是双师型教师。为了确保教师的业务水平能够及时更新,学校应当鼓励教师定期到企业去参与实际外贸运作,提高经验储备,增加感性认识。对于教师自身,还应该不断提高英语教学水平,通过书本、实践、和向经验丰富的专家及外贸在职人员学习,了解和掌握商务活动中每个环节的发展和变化,将各种有效信息融会在函电教学中,带给学生最新、最实用的信息。笔者在教学过程中就运用现代教育技术和虚拟现实技术，把学生进行角色分配，通过建立虚拟企业、虚拟产品、虚拟项目等仿真情境,优化教学过程,从而丰富教学内容,提高教学质量和效率。
综上所述，笔者以为作为外贸英语函电的教师要加强专业知识的提高，并不断学习和探索行之有效的教学方法，使课堂生动起来，激发学生的学习兴趣和热情，为外贸行业培养出实用的人才。
参考文献：
[1] 徐有志．英语问题教程[M]．湖南：高等教育出版社，2005．
[2] 诸葛霖．外贸英文书信 [M]．北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社，2003．
[3] 徐静珍．国际贸易实务[M]. 辽宁：东北财经大学出版社，2007．
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prevent your comming here,we were touched deeply and appreciated for your efforts and believe that our joint efforts could lead to a fruitful your visit would be a hopeful start.
In fact,since 20xx,our company proceeded to extend business on European and American products gained glory by its quality and our prompt and considerate ,we hope we could serve you similarly to gain benefits for both of us.
Action speaks louder than speak,we are looking forward to our in-deapth cooperation,we believe that our establishing relation will be lead to a bright and hopeful future. again,thanks for your visit and any question or further information about us,pls do not hesitate to contact with us,for your convenience,following is our contact methods:
此处写你联系方式
looking forward to your prompt reply ,thank you .
yours faithfully,
xxx
要求及时供货
we understand that you are the agent for the white tiger ties. we enclose our order for 1000 dozens of the white tiger ties. please note that we need these goods rather urgently as christmas is drawing near. if you could supply goods timely for seasons, we would make repeated orders, provided prices are reasonable. payment for the enclosed order will be made on a draft at sight under our letter of credit opened in your favor on receipt of your confirmation that the goods are sent out, and can be delivered before 1, december, .
获悉贵公司为“白虎牌领带”的代理商。兹附上1000打白虎牌领带订单一份。
请注意，由于 圣诞节 在即，本公司急需这批货物。如果贵公司能够及时供应时令货品，而且价格公道，我方将继续订货。
此票订单之货款，待确认贵方已于12月1日前发货之后，本公司即向贵公司开出见票即付的 信用证 。
要求代理商报价
we have read in china daily that you are the exclusive agent for hi-fi corporation of africa and asia. would you please send us price-lists and catalogues of all the hi-fi wireless products and terms of payment. please advise if you would grant special terms for an annual trade over 1 million . dollars. a visit of your representative would be appreciated. perhaps he could bring the newest samples of the 999 hand phone, an item of growing interest here.
我方从《中国日报》上获知，贵公司为高保真公司在非洲和亚洲的独家代理商。
请惠送该公司所有无线通讯产品的目录、价目表及付款条件，并请告知，如果每年交易额达100万美元以上，是否可获得特别条件。
敬请贵方派代表来与我们洽谈，并携带最新999型手机样品，该产品在此地销路看好。
20 January
Kee & Co., Ltd
34 Regent Street
London, UK
Dear Sirs:
This is to confirm your telex of 16 January 2004, asking us to make you firm offers for rice and soybeans C&F Singapore.
We telexed you this morning offering you 300 metric tons of polished rice at A$2,400 per metric ton, C&F Singapore, for shipment during March/April 2004. This offer is firm, subject to the receipt of your reply before 10 February 2004.
Please note that we have quoted our most favourable price and are unable to entertain any counter offer.
With regard to soybeans, we advise you that the few lots we have at present are under offer elsewhere. If, however, you were to make us a suitable offer, there is a possibility of our supplying you know, of late, it has been a heavy demand for these commodities and this has resulted in increased prices. You may, however, take advantage of the strengthening market if you send an immediate faithfully,Tony SmithChief Seller
先生:二零零四年元月十六日有关查询大米和大豆新加坡到岸价的电传已收悉。
今日上午电传报价：精白米三百公吨，每公吨成本加运费新加坡到岸价为2400澳元。于二零零四年三或四月装运。以上实价需由贵公司于二零零四年二月十日前回覆确实。
该报价为最优惠价，恕不能还价。
本公司与客户正洽售一批大豆交易，若贵公司愿意报以适当买价，本公司乐意出售。近来该类产品需求热烈，令价格上涨。请贵公司把握机会，尽早落实定单为盼。
从上文可以看出，即使翻译过来的外贸函电都有很规范的格式和用语。所以，外贸函电是一种很正规的函电，刚开始做 外贸的时候可以多看看别人是怎么写的。
Dear xxx，
We are very honored to receive your invitation to call on your company on Wednesday afternoon, September 1st, 20xx. Please accept our sincere thanks.
During the visit, We had a preliminary and necessary communication on the basic items and related information of mutual cooperation . We now have a better understanding of your needs and will soon submit another proposal for your approval. We expect to have it ready by xxx Again, thank you for the pleasant visit.
Yours sincerely,
xxx
价格条件术语
价格术语trade term (price term)
运费freight
单价 price
码头费wharfage
总值 total value
卸货费landing charges
金额 amount
关税customs duty
净价 net price
印花税stamp duty
含佣价price including commission
港口税portdues
回佣return commission
装运港portof shipment
折扣discount,allowance
卸货港port of discharge
批发价 wholesale price
目的港portof destination
零售价 retail price
进口许口证inportlicence
现货价格spot price
出口许口证exportlicence
期货价格forward price
现行价格(时价)current price prevailingprice
国际市场价格 world (International)Marketprice
离岸价(船上交货价)FOB-free on board
成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) C&F-cost and freight
到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF-cost,insurance and freight
国际贸易术语
出口信贷 export credit
出口津贴 export subsidy
商品倾销 dumping
外汇倾销 exchange dumping
优惠关税 special preferences
保税仓库 bonded warehouse
贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade
贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade
进口配额制 import quotas
自由贸易区 free trade zone
对外贸易值 value of foreign trade
国际贸易值 value of international trade
普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP
最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT
交货条件术语
交货delivery
轮船steamship(缩写)
装运、装船shipment
租船charter (the chartered shep)
交货时间 time of delivery
定程租船voyage charter;
装运期限time of shipment
定期租船time charter
托运人(一般指出口商)shipper,consignor
收货人consignee
班轮regular shipping liner
驳船lighter
舱位shipping space
油轮tanker
报关clearance of goods
陆运收据cargo receipt
提货to take delivery of goods
空运提单airway bill
正本提单original B\L
选择港(任意港)optional port
选港费optional charges
选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers’ account
一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January shipment
一月底装船 shipment not later than .或shipment on or before .
一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment
在......(时间)分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots
在......(时间)平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots
分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments
分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments
立即装运 immediate shipments
即期装运 prompt shipments
收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C
不允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed / partial shipment not permitted
允许分批装船 partial shipment not unacceptable
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